Redigerer Sinopharms COVID-19-vaksine (BBIBP-CorV)

[[File:Sinopharm COVID-19 vaccine (2021) K (cropped).jpeg|thumb|]]
'''BBIBP-CorV''' er en kinesisk [[covid-19-vaksine]] og den ene av to som er blitt utviklet av vaksineselskapet [[Sinopharm Group]] i samarbeid med datterselskapene ''Beijing Institute of Biological Products'' og ''Wuhan Institute of Biological Products''. 

Den 7. mai 2021 tok [[Verdens helseorganisasjon]] (WHO) med [[Sinopharm]]s covid-019-vaksine BBIBP-CorV på sin liste over vaksiner [[Autorisasjon for nødbruk|autorisert til nødbruk]] for [[COVAX|''COVID-19 Vaccines Global Access'']] (COVAX).<ref>{{cite press release | title=WHO lists additional COVID-19 vaccine for emergency use and issues interim policy recommendations | publisher=[[World Health Organization]] (WHO) | date=7. mai 2021 | url=https://www.who.int/news/item/07-05-2021-who-lists-additional-covid-19-vaccine-for-emergency-use-and-issues-interim-policy-recommendations | access-date=7. mai 2021}}</ref><ref name=WHOEUA>{{cite news | last=Taylor | first=Adam | title=WHO grants emergency use authorization for Chinese-made Sinopharm coronavirus vaccine | website=[[The Washington Post]] | date=7. mai 2021 | url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2021/05/07/who-sinopharm-emergency-use/ | access-date=7. mai 2021}}</ref>

Begge vaksinene fra selskapet er basert på tradisjonell metodikk og bygger på [[inaktivert virus]].<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Cohen J | title = China's vaccine gambit | journal = Science | volume = 370 | issue = 6522 | pages = 1263–1267 | date = desember 2020 | pmid = 33303601 | doi = 10.1126/science.370.6522.1263 | url = https://science.sciencemag.org/content/370/6522/1263 | doi-access = free }}</ref><ref name="bbc._Covi">{{Cite web|date=16. desember 2020|title=Covid: What do we know about China's coronavirus vaccines?|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-55212787|access-date=26. januar 2021|vauthors=Tan Y|agency=[[BBC News]]}}</ref> 

BBIBP-CorV ble tidlig i 2021 tatt i utstrakt bruk i enkelte land i Asia,<ref name=":12">{{Cite news| vauthors = Liu R |date=2020-12-31|title=China gives its first COVID-19 vaccine approval to Sinopharm|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-vaccine-china-idUSKBN29505P|url-status=live|access-date=2020-12-31}}</ref> <ref name=":2">{{Cite web|last=Turak|first=Natasha|date=2021-01-18|title=The UAE is on track to have half its population vaccinated by the end of March|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2021/01/18/uae-on-track-to-vaccinate-half-its-population-by-end-of-march-.html|access-date=2021-01-21|website=CNBC}}</ref><ref name=":7">{{Cite web|last=Dawn.com|date=2021-02-02|title=PM Imran kicks off Pakistan's Covid-19 vaccination drive|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1605089|access-date=2021-02-03|website=DAWN.COM|language=en}}</ref> Afrika,<ref name=":9" /><ref name=":15">{{Cite web|last=Dumpis|first=Toms|date=2021-01-27|title=Morocco Receives Half a Million Doses of Chinese Sinopharm Vaccine|url=https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2021/01/333436/morocco-receives-half-a-million-doses-of-chinese-sinopharm-vaccine/|access-date=2021-01-28|website=Morocco World News}}</ref><ref name=":11">{{Cite web|date=2021-02-18|title=Zimbabwe starts administering China's Sinopharm vaccines|url=https://www.thestar.com/news/world/africa/2021/02/18/zimbabwe-starts-administering-chinas-sinopharm-vaccines.html|access-date=2021-02-20|website=thestar.com|language=en}}</ref> Sør-Amerika,<ref name=":25">{{Cite web|title=Argentina autoriza la vacuna china Sinopharm para mayores de 60 años|url=https://www.elcomercio.com/actualidad/argentina-vacuna-china-sinopharm-adultos.html|access-date=2021-03-26|website=El Comercio}}</ref><ref name=":16">{{Cite news|last=Aquino|first=Marco|date=2021-02-10|title='The best shield': Peru launches inoculation drive with Sinopharm vaccine|language=en|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-peru-vaccine-idUSKBN2AA03U|access-date=2021-02-10}}</ref>
<ref name=":23">{{Cite web|title=Bolivia begins inoculation with Sinopharm jabs {{!}} The Star|url=https://www.thestar.com.my/aseanplus/aseanplus-news/2021/02/26/bolivia-begins-inoculation-with-sinopharm-jabs|access-date=2021-02-28|website=www.thestar.com.my}}</ref> og  Europa.<ref name=":17">{{Cite web|title=Serbia Becomes First European Nation To Use China's Sinopharm Vaccine|url=https://www.rferl.org/a/serbia-covid-vaccine-china-sinopharm/31053091.html|access-date=2021-01-21|website=RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty}}</ref><ref name=":21">{{Cite web|date=2021-02-24|title=Hungary first EU nation to use China's Sinopharm vaccine against COVID|url=https://www.euronews.com/2021/02/24/hungary-becomes-first-eu-nation-to-use-china-s-sinopharm-vaccine-against-covid-19|access-date=2021-02-26|website=euronews|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":24">{{Cite web|date=2021-03-15|title=Belarus begins COVID-19 vaccinations with Chinese shots|url=https://eng.belta.by/society/view/belarus-begins-covid-19-vaccinations-with-chinese-shots-138222-2021/|access-date=2021-03-16|website=eng.belta.by|language=en-EN}}</ref>  Sinopharm forventer å produsere en milliard doser BBIBP-CorV i 2021.<ref name=":22">{{Cite web|date=2021-02-05|title=Which companies will likely produce the most COVID-19 vaccine in 2021?|url=https://www.pharmaceuticalprocessingworld.com/which-companies-will-likely-produce-the-most-covid-19-vaccine-in-2021/|access-date=2021-02-28|website=Pharmaceutical Processing World|language=en-US}}</ref> Den 26. mars sa Sinopharm at over 80 millioner doser var blitt satt.<ref name=":20">{{Cite news|last=Liu|first=Roxanne|date=2021-03-26|title=100 million doses of China Sinopharm's COVID-19 vaccines supplied globally|language=en|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-vaccine-sinopharm-idUSKBN2BI27Z|url-status=live|access-date=2021-03-26}}</ref>

==Utvikling, klinisk testing==
Fra juli 2020 pågikk fase III-studier i De forente arabiske emirater,<ref name=uae/> Bahrain,<ref>{{cite web |title=Bahrain starts Phase III trial of Sinopharm's Covid-19 vaccine |url=https://www.clinicaltrialsarena.com/news/bahrain-vaccine-trial-sinopharm/ |website=Clinical Trials Arena |date=24. august 2020}}</ref> [[Jordan]],<ref name="multiple">{{cite web| vauthors = Liu R |date=5. september 2020|title=China's CNBG, Sinovac find more countries to test coronavirus vaccines|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-vaccine-china/chinas-cnbg-sinovac-find-more-countries-to-test-coronavirus-vaccines-idUSKBN25W0BA|access-date=6. september 2020|website=Reuters|language=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-08-30|title=Jordan starts phase 3 trial of China's COVID-19 vaccine|url=http://www.jordantimes.com/news/local/jordan-starts-phase-3-trial-chinas-covid-19-vaccine|access-date=2021-01-27|website=Jordan Times|language=}}</ref> [[Egypt]]<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-09-12|title=Egypt to start receiving volunteers for COVID-19 vaccine trials|url=https://egyptindependent.com/egypt-to-start-receiving-volunteers-for-covid-19-vaccine-trials/|access-date=2021-01-27|website=Egypt Independent|language=}}</ref> Pakistan<ref name="geo.tv">{{Cite web|title=Coronavirus vaccine should be available in Pakistan 'within 6-8 weeks'|url=https://www.geo.tv/latest/317958-covid-19-vaccine-will-be-available-in-pakistan-within-six-to-eight-weeks-claims-uhs-vc-dr-javed-akram|access-date=2020-11-14|website=www.geo.tv|language=}}</ref> og Argentina<ref>{{Cite web|title=Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy, Immunogenicity and Safety of the Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine (COVID-19) - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.gov|url=https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04560881|access-date=2021-01-27|website=clinicaltrials.gov|language=}}</ref>

'''Autorisasjon for nødbruk:''' Tillatelse for nødbruk ble gitt av Kina i juli 2020<ref>{{Tidningsref|datum=2020-08-29|titel=Sinovac's coronavirus vaccine candidate approved for emergency use in China - source|språk=|tidning=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-china-vaccines-idUSKBN25O0Z3|hämtdatum=2021-01-27}}</ref> oktober 2020,<ref>{{cite web | vauthors = Vivek V |title=China's Sinopharm offers experimental COVID-19 vaccines to students: WSJ |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-china-vaccine/chinas-sinopharm-offers-experimental-covid-19-vaccines-to-students-wsj-idUSKBN27003J |publisher=Reuters |access-date=27. januar 2021|language=|date=15. oktober 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web| vauthors = Chen F |date=2020-10-20|title=Chinese province set to roll out jabs against Covid|url=https://asiatimes.com/2020/10/chinese-province-set-to-roll-out-jabs-against-covid/|access-date=2021-01-27|website=Asia Times|language=}}</ref>, De forente arabiske emirater<ref name=uae>[https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-020-03563-z ''Arab nations first to approve Chinese COVID vaccine — despite lack of public data'' i Nature den 14. desember 2020]</ref> og Bahrain i november<ref name="Bahrain">[https://www.reuters.com/article/health-coronavirus-bahrain/update-1-bahrain-approves-registration-for-sinopharm-covid-19-vaccine-idUSL1N2IT04F ''Bahrain approves registration for Sinopharm COVID-19 vaccine'' på www.reuters.com den 13. desember 2020]</ref>

Wuhan Institute of Biological Products publiserte den 13. august interimsresultater for sine Fase I- og Fase II-studier med 96 respektive 224 voksne. <ref name=":1">{{cite journal | vauthors = Xia S, Duan K, Zhang Y, Zhao D, Zhang H, Xie Z, Li X, Peng C, Zhang Y, Zhang W, Yang Y, Chen W, Gao X, You W, Wang X, Wang Z, Shi Z, Wang Y, Yang X, Zhang L, Huang L, Wang Q, Lu J, Yang Y, Guo J, Zhou W, Wan X, Wu C, Wang W, Huang S, Du J, Meng Z, Pan A, Yuan Z, Shen S, Guo W, Yang X | display-authors = 6 | title = Effect of an Inactivated Vaccine Against SARS-CoV-2 on Safety and Immunogenicity Outcomes: Interim Analysis of 2 Randomized Clinical Trials | journal = JAMA | volume = 324 | issue = 10 | pages = 951–960 | date = september 2020 | pmid = 32789505 | doi = 10.1001/jama.2020.15543 | pmc = 7426884 | doi-access = free }}</ref> 

Beijing Institute of Biological Products publiserte den 15. oktober 2020 resultat fra sin Fase I-studie med 192 voksne og sin Fase II-studie med 448 voksne for BBIBP-CorV-vaksinen.<ref name=":0">{{cite journal | authors = Xia S, [et al.]| title = Safety and immunogenicity of an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, BBIBP-CorV: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 1/2 trial | journal = The Lancet. Infectious Diseases | date = oktober 2020 | volume = 21 | pages = 39–51 | pmid = 33069281 | doi = 10.1016/s1473-3099(20)30831-8 | pmc = 7561304 }}</ref>

Sinopharm meldte 30. desember 2020 at BBIBP-CorV-vaksinen hadde en beskyttelsesgrad på 79,34 %, lavere enn tallet 86 % som myndighetene i De forente arabiske emirater hadde oppgitt den 9. desember på basis av en midlertidig analyse.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Nectar Gan|title=China's Sinopharm says its coronavirus vaccine is 79% effective|url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/12/30/asia/china-sinopharm-vaccine-efficacy-intl-hnk/index.html|access-date=2021-01-26|website=CNN}}</ref> 

Vaksinen hadde per desember 2020 i fase III-forsøk i blant annet [[Argentina]], [[Bahrain]], [[Egypt]], [[Marokko]], [[Pakistan]], [[Peru]] og [[De forente arabiske emirater]] med flere enn 60&nbsp;000 deltakere.<ref name=":5">{{Tidningsref|författare= Reuters Staff |datum=2020-11-19|titel=China Sinopharm's coronavirus vaccine taken by about a million people in emergency use|språk=|tidning=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-vaccine-sinopharm-idUSKBN27Z0PY|hämtdatum=2021-01-26}}</ref> Kinesiske myndigheter hadde tidligere godkjent vaksinen for akuttbruk; per november 2020 hadde en million kinesere fått vaksinen.<ref name=":5" /> Per desember 2020 var også ca 100&nbsp;000 personer i De forente arabiske emirater blitt vaksinerte.<ref name=":9">{{Cite web|author=Mostafa Salem and Yong Xiong|title=China's Sinopharm vaccine has 86% efficacy against Covid-19, says UAE|url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/12/09/asia/uae-china-vaccine-intl-hnk/index.html|access-date=2021-01-27|website=CNN}}</ref>

==Produksjon==
Et Sinopharm-anlegg i [[Beijing]] skal ha kapasitet til 120 millioner doser per år, mens et annet i [[Wuhan]] skal kunne produsere 100 millioner doser per år.<ref>{{cite web | vauthors = Majumder BG |title=Herculean Task Ahead to Produce Coronavirus Vaccines For All; Will It Ever Cover 7 Billion People? |url=https://www.ibtimes.sg/herculean-task-ahead-produce-coronavirus-vaccines-all-will-it-ever-cover-7-billion-people-50583 |work=International Business Times |access-date=31. august 2020 |language=en |date=24. august 2020}}</ref> I oktober 2020 sa Sinopharm at man kunne produsere én milliard doser i 2021.<ref>{{cite web | vauthors = Liu R |title=Sinopharm says may be able to make over one billion coronavirus vaccine doses in 2021 |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-china-vaccine-idUSKBN2750VB |website=Reuters |access-date=26. januar 2020 |language= |date=20. oktober 2020}}</ref>

==Referanser==
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[[Kategori:Covid-19-vaksiner]]
[[Kategori:Inaktiverte vaksiner]]
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