Redigerer Essen

{{Infoboks geografi
| navn = Essen
| land = Tyskland
| bilde = Essen-Südviertel Luft.jpg
| bildetekst = Essen
| delstat = {{Flagg|Nordrhein-Westfalen|lenke}}
| areal = 210.3 
| befolkning =  566862
| befolkningsår = 31. des. 2012<ref>{{kilde www |url=http://www.it.nrw.de/statistik/a/daten/bevoelkerungszahlen_zensus/zensus_reg1.html |tittel=Arkivert kopi |besøksdato=2013-08-12 |url-status=død |arkivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130807195421/http://www.it.nrw.de/statistik/a/daten/bevoelkerungszahlen_zensus/zensus_reg1.html |arkivdato=2013-08-07 }}</ref>
| url = 
| posisjonskart = Tyskland
| breddegrad = 51.458069
| lengdegrad = 7.014761
}}
'''Essen''' {{IPA|[&#x02c8;&#x025b;sn&#x0329;]}} er en by i [[Nordrhein-Westfalen]] i [[Tyskland]]. Den ligger ved bredden av [[Ruhr]]-elven, og er med sine {{formatnum:583267}} innbyggere (30. september 2015)<ref>{{Kilde www |url=https://www.essen.de/rathaus/statistik/Statistik_Bevoelkerung.de.html |tittel=''Essen kommune:'' Befolkningstall |besøksdato=2016-01-14 |arkiv-dato=2017-08-29 |arkiv-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170829165724/https://www.essen.de/rathaus/statistik/Statistik_Bevoelkerung.de.html |url-status=død }}</ref> den fjerde største byen i Nordrhein-Westfalen og den niende største i Tyskland.<ref>[http://www.citypopulation.de/php/germany-census_d.php ''CityPopulation.de:'' Deutschland: Zensusbevölkerung]</ref>

Byen ble grunnlagt allerede i 845, men ble ingen betydningsfull by før på 1800-tallet da kull- og stålindustrien vokste fram i området. Det første stålverket i byen ble etablert i 1811, samme år som [[Anton Carl Ludwig von Tabouillot]] ble valgt til borgermester i byen.

Etter [[andre verdenskrig]] gjennomgikk byen store økonomiske endringer og gikk fra å være en by basert på kull- og stålindustri til å huse blant annet en kunsthøyskole og et stort kunstmuseum (Folkwang-museet), samtidig som en rekke forskjellig industribedrifter etablerte seg i byen.

I 2005 ble Essen, på vegne av hele ''[[Ruhrgebiet]]'', fremmet som kandidat til å bli europeisk kulturhovedstad i 2010. I Essen finnes hovedkvarteret for Tysklands største regionavis, [[Westdeutsche Allgemeine Zeitung]].
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== Transportation ==

=== Roads ===
[[Fil:A40-Ruhrschnellweg-Huttrop.jpg|thumb|Ruhrschnellweg]]
The [[Bundesautobahn 40|Ruhrschnellweg]] runs directly through the city, dividing it roughly in half. A tunnel was built in the 1970s when the then-[[Bundesstraße]] was upgraded to autobahn standards, so in the inner city district near the main station, the A40 is hidden from public view. Other major [[autobahn]]s include the [[Bundesautobahn 52|A 52]] which crosses the city limits at [[Kettwig]], continues past the fairground through the southern borough of Rüttenscheid, then merges with the [[Bundesautobahn 40|Ruhrschnellweg]] at the [[Autobahndreieck]] Essen-Ost junction. (A proposed extension to replace [[Bundesstraße 224|B224]] in the northern boroughs has not been built yet.)
In the northern borough of Karnap, the [[Bundesautobahn 42|A42]] briefly touches Essen territory, serving as an interconnection between the cities of [[Oberhausen]] and [[Gelsenkirchen]].

=== Public transport ===

The city of Essen itself was connected to the rail network at a relatively late point. The first line to run over now-Essen territory was the [[Köln-Mindener Eisenbahn]] with a stop at Altenessen, opening between 1845 and 1847. The southern line from [[Mülheim an der Ruhr]] to [[Bochum]] wasn't opened until a few decades later. At said southern line, Essen main station is now situated, connecting the city to the [[Deutsche Bahn]] regional and long distance network. There are also several [[S-Bahn]] lines on city terrain, most notably to [[Bottrop]] and [[Ratingen]] via Kettwig.
Local transport is carried out by [[Essener Verkehrs-AG]], a public company operating three [[Stadtbahn]] lines (partly with used [[Docklands Light Rail]] stock) and several tram lines as well as bus lines. As a speciality, Essen has a [[Spurbus]] guided bus line on the median of the [[Bundesautobahn 40|A40]] autobahn connecting the borough of Kray, as well as a [[Stadtbahn]] line on the median of the same autobahn leading towards Mülheim. All local and DB regional traffic is subject to the fare structure of the [[Verkehrsverbund Rhein-Ruhr|VRR]] transport association.
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== Vennskapsbyer ==

Essen har følgende [[vennskapsby]]er:

* {{Flagg|England}} [[Sunderland]] i [[England]], siden 1949
* {{Flagg|Finland}} [[Tammerfors]] i [[Finland]], siden 1960
* {{Flagg|Frankrike}} [[Grenoble]] i [[Frankrike]], siden 1974
* {{Flagg|Russland}} [[Nizjnij Novgorod]] i [[Russland]], siden 1991
* {{Flagg|Israel}} [[Tel Aviv]]-Jaffa i [[Israel]], siden 1991

== Severdigheter i Essen ==

[[Fil:Essen_CityHall.jpg|thumb|Rådhuset{{Byline|Jürgen Roßkamp}}]]
[[Fil:Villa Hügel Front.jpg|thumb|Villa Hügel{{Byline|Raimond Spekking}}]]
[[Fil:Villa Hügel erster Stock.jpg|thumb|Første etasje i Villa Hügel{{Byline|Raimond Spekking}}]]
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* Zeche und Kokerei Zollverein: Coal mine (built in [[1932]], closed in [[1986]]) and coking plant (built in [[1961]], closed in [[1993]]). Visitors now have access to the precincts, which frequently house temporary art exhibitions. Once the largest coal mine in the world, it has been awarded "World Cultural Heritage" status by UNESCO.
* Essener Münster: 14th-century cathedral, enlarged and rebuilt in [[1958]]; not spectacular in appearance, but having some exquisite objects on display in the attached treasure house: Artworks from around [[1000]] AD, a crown of emperor [[Otto III, Holy Roman Emperor|Otto III]]), the oldest preserved sculpture of the Virgin Mary in the world (''Goldene Madonna'').
* Alte Synagoge: The Jewish community inaugurated the [[synagogue]] in [[1913]]. Destroyed by fire in the [[Kristallnacht|Nazi pogroms]] of [[1938]], it was restored after World War II.  It stands as the largest synagogue north of the [[Alps]].
* Essen city hall: Germany's highest city hall (106 metres), built from [[1971]] to [[1979]]. Free guided tours offer a view from the 22nd floor, overlooking the city from 100 m above ground.
* RWE tower: Largest skyscraper in North Rhine-Westphalia and corporate headquarters of [[RWE AG]], situated across the street from the Aalto theatre.
* Aalto Theater: Theatre designed by Finnish architect [[Alvar Aalto]], opened in [[1988]].
* [[Werden|Essen-Werden]]: Once a city of its own, it became a borough of Essen in [[1929]]; the center of the town has partly retained its medieval townscape with many pubs and restaurants. It stands near the Baldeney See and hosts the Folkwang College of Art.
* [[Kettwig]]: Also once a city of its own, and also located in the south of the Essen near the Ruhr river.
* Baldeneysee: The big lake in the south of the city, a popular recreation area. It dates from 1931 – 1933, when 10,000 unemployed coal miners dredged it in exchange for bread and beer [http://www.pimath.de/PiRuhr/Kapitel6/ruhrgebiet6.html].
* The Essen game fair, held in October, and the occasion of the presentation of the [[Essen Feather]] and of the [[Deutscher Spiele Preis]]
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* Rådhuset (''Rathaus'') i Essen, som rager 120 meter over bakken, er det største i hele Tyskland.
* ''[[Villa Hügel]]'' ble bygget av industrimagnaten [[Alfred Krupp]] i årene 1870-1873 som et hjem for ham og familien, samt representasjonssted for [[Krupp (konsern)|Kruppkonsernet]]. I dag brukes det hovedsakelig til å huse kunstutstillinger og konserter.

== Referanser ==
<references />

== Eksterne lenker ==
* {{Offisielt nettsted}}

{{Nordrhein-Westfalen}}
{{Europeisk kulturhovedstad}}
{{Europeisk miljøhovedstad}}
{{Verdensarven Tyskland}}
{{Autoritetsdata}}

[[Kategori:Essen| ]]
[[Kategori:Byer i Nordrhein-Westfalen]]
[[Kategori:Europeiske kulturhovedsteder]]
[[Kategori:Europeiske miljøhovedsteder]]
[[Kategori:Verdensarven i Tyskland]]
[[Kategori:Hansabyer]]