Redigerer Avro Vulcan

{{referanseløs|dato=10. okt. 2015}}
{{Infoboks fly
|navn=Avro Vulcan
|bilde=XH558 (G-VLCN) Avro Vulcan - Last Flight over Farnborough (cropped).jpg
|bildetekst=Avro Vulcan
|type=Strategisk [[bombefly]]
|produsentnavn=[[Avro]]
|første-flyvning=[[31. august]] [[1952]]
|introdusert=[[1956]]
|utfaset=[[Mars (måned)|Mars]] [[1984]]
|status=Pensjonert
|hovedbrukere=[[Royal Air Force]]
|produsert-mellomår=1956-1965
|antall-produsert=136 (inkludert prototyper)
|enhetspris=£750 000
}}
[[Fil:RAF Vulcan B.JPEG|mini]]
'''Avro Vulcan''' er et [[Storbritannia|britisk]] subsonisk deltavinge bombefly som ble brukt av [[Royal Air Force]] (RAF) fra 1953 til 1984. Flytypen var en del av den britisk kjernefysiske styrken som skulle virke avskrekkende på [[Sovjetunionen]] under [[den kalde krigen]].

== Historie og utvikling ==
Designutviklingen startet hos A.V. Roe & Co (Avro) i [[1947]] under ledelse av Roy Chadwick. Det britiske forsvarsdepartementets kravspesifikasjon beskrev et bombefly med en topphastighet på 930 km/t, en operativ høyde på opptil 15&nbsp;000 m, en rekkevidde på 5&nbsp;500 km og mulighet for å frakte en bombelast på 4&nbsp;500 kg. Parallelt ble det arbeidet med design hos [[Vickers-Armstrongs]] og [[Handley Page]] og alle tre designene ble godkjent &ndash; Vulcan, [[Vickers Valiant|Valiant]] og [[Handley Page Victor|Victor]].

Siden deltavinger var nytt på den tiden, begynte Avro testing med skala-prototyper i 1948, og da med enseters-varianten Avro 707, eller '''Type 707'''. Til tross for at den første protypen krasjet 30. september 1949 fortsatte arbeidet. Den første [[prototyp]]en i full størrelse, '''Type 698''', foretok sin første flygning 31. august 1952. Navnet Vulcan ble ikke valgt før i 1953.

== Spesifikasjoner (Mk.2) ==

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Tekniske data
! 
|-
| Mannskap
| 5
|-
| Lengde
| 30,40 m 
|-
| Vingespenn
| 33,80 m
|-
| Vingeareal
| 368,20 m²
|-
| Høyde 
| 8,20 m
|-
| Vekt (maksimalt)
| 113 398 kg 
|-
| Motor
| 4 × Rolls-Royce Olympus 301 <br/>(4 × 88,96 kN) 
|-
! Ytelser
! 
|-
| Maksimal hastighet
| 1 038 km/t
|-
| Marsjfart
| 1 009 km/t
|-
| Rekkevidde
| 7 400 km
|-
| Marsjhøyde
| 19 810 m 
|-
|}

==Litteratur==
* Austin, Steve. "Workhorse (V-Bombers: Test-bed Vulcan)." ''FlyPast'', No. 335, June 2009, pp.&nbsp;108–113.
* Baxter, Alan. ''Olympus: The First Forty Years''. Derby, UK: Rolls-Royce Heritage Trust, 1990. {{ISBN|978-0-9511710-9-7}}.
* Blackman, Tony. ''Vulcan Test Pilot: My Experiences in the Cockpit of a Cold War Icon.'' London: Grub Street, 2007. {{ISBN|978-1-904943-88-4}}.
* Braybrook, Roy. [https://books.google.com/books?id=ZUjMYkfr-pwC&pg=PA17 ''Battle for the Falklands: Air Forces.''] Oxford, UK: Osprey Publishing, 1982. {{ISBN|0-85045-493-X}}.
* Brookes, Andrew. ''Victor Units of the Cold War: Osprey Combat Aircraft: 88.'' Oxford, UK: Osprey Publishing, 2011. {{ISBN|978-1-84908-339-3}}.
* Brookes, Andrew and Chris Davey. [https://books.google.com/books?id=pmQXR69pRoIC ''Vulcan Units of The Cold War'' (Osprey Combat Aircraft: 72).] Oxford, UK: Osprey Publishing, 2009. {{ISBN|978-1-84603-297-4}}.
* Bull, Stephen. [https://books.google.com/books?id=EGKATNM4scMC ''Encyclopedia of Military Technology And Innovation.''] Santa Barbara, California: Greenwood Publishing Group, 2004. {{ISBN|978-1-57356-557-8}}.
* Bulman, Craig. ''The Vulcan B.Mk2 From a Different Angle.'' Bishop Auckland, UK: Pentland Press Ltd, 2001. {{ISBN|978-1-85821-899-1}}.
* Buttler, Tony. "Avro Type 698 Vulcan (Database)." ''Aeroplane'', Vol. 35, No. 4, Issue No. 408, April 2007.
* Buttler, Tony. ''British Secret Projects: Jet Bombers Since 1949.'' Hinckley, Leicestershire, UK: Midland, 2003. {{ISBN|1-85780-130-X}}.
* Buttler, Tony. "Vital Bombers: Origins of the RAF's 'V-Bomber' Force". ''[[Air Enthusiast]]'', No. 79, January/February 1999, pp.&nbsp;28–41. {{ISSN|0143-5450}}.
* Darling Kev. ''Avro Vulcan.'' North Branch, USA: Speciality Press, 1999. {{ISBN|1-58007-023-X}}.
* Darling, Kev. [https://books.google.com/books?id=wdM5wJlVhpcC ''Avro Vulcan, Part One'' (RAF Illustrated).] Vale of Glamorgan Wales, UK: Big Bird Aviation Publication, 2007. {{ISBN|978-1-84799-237-6}}.
* Dawson, T.W.G., G.F. Kitchen and G.B. Glider. [http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/catalogue/displaycataloguedetails.asp?CATLN=6&CATID=4943225&SearchInit=4&SearchType=6&CATREF=AVIA+6%2F20895 ''Measurements of the Radar Echoing Area of the Vulcan by the Optical Simulation Method.'']  Farnborough, Hants, UK: Royal Aircraft Establishment, September 1957 National Archive Catalogue file, AVIA 6/20895
* Fildes, David. "Buck Rogers in the 20th Century: The Origins of the Vulcan." ''Aeroplane'', Vol. 36, No. 3, Issue No. 419, March 2008.
* Frawley, Gerard. ''The International Directory of Military Aircraft, 2002–2003.'' Fyshwick, ACT, Australia: Aerospace Publications, 2002. {{ISBN|1-875671-55-2}}.
* Gallop, Alan. ''Time Flies: Heathrow At 60''. Stroud, UK: Sutton Publishing, 2005. {{ISBN|0-7509-3840-4}}.
* Gibson, Chris. ''Vulcan's Hammer: V-Force Aircraft and Weapons Projects Since 1945''. Crowborough, UK: Hikoki Publications, 2011. {{ISBN|978-19021-0917-6}}
* [[Bill Gunston|Gunston, Bill]]. "The V-bombers: Avro Vulcan – Part 3". ''Aeroplane Monthly,'' Vol. 8, No. 12, December 1980, pp.&nbsp;620–626. {{ISSN|0143-7240}}.
* Halpenny, Bruce Barrymore. ''Avro Vulcan: The History and Development of a Classic Jet.'' Barnsley, South Yorkshire, UK: Pen & Sword Aviation, 2006. {{ISBN|1-84415-426-2}}.
* Hamilton-Paterson, James. ''Empire of the Clouds: When Britain's Aircraft Ruled the World.'' London: Faber & Faber, 2010. {{ISBN|978-0-571-24794-3}}.
* Hearn, Chester G. ''Carriers in Combat: The Air War at Sea.'' London: Stackpole Books, 2007. {{ISBN|0-8117-3398-X}}.
* Jackson, A. J. ''Avro Aircraft Since 1908, 2nd Edition.'' London: Putnam Aeronautical Books, 1990. {{ISBN|0-85177-834-8}}.
* Jackson, Paul. "Vulcan: Delta Force". ''Wings of Fame'', Volume 3. London: Aerospace Publishing, 1996. pp.&nbsp;34–95. {{ISBN|1-874023-70-0}}. {{ISSN|1361-2034}}.
* Jackson Robert. ''Avro Vulcan.'' Somerset, UK: Patrick Stephens Ltd, First Edition 1984. Hardback. {{ISBN|0-850-59630-0}}
* Jackson Robert. ''Avro Vulcan.'' Somerset, UK: Patrick Stephens Ltd, Second Edition 1987. Hardback. {{ISBN|1852600101}}
* Jackson, Robert. ''Combat Aircraft Prototypes since 1945.''  Arco/Prentice Hall Press, 1986. {{ISBN|0-671-61953-5}}.
* Jackson, Robert. ''V-Force Britain's Airborne Nuclear Deterrent'' Shepperton, UK: Ian Allan Publishing, 1986. 0-711-02750-1
* Jefford, Wing Commander C.G. MBE,BA,RAF (Ret'd). ''RAF Squadrons:, A Comprehensive Record of the Movement and Equipment of all RAF Squadrons and their Antecedents since 1912.'' Shrewsbury, Shropshire, UK: Airlife Publishing, 2001. {{ISBN|1-84037-141-2}}.
* Jenkins, Dennis R. ''B-1 Lancer: The Most Complicated Warplane Ever Developed.'' New York: McGraw-Hill, 1999. {{ISBN|0-07-134694-5}}.
* Jones, Barry. ''V-Bombers: Valiant, Victor and Vulcan''. Ramsbury, UK: The Crowood Press, Paperback edition, 2007. {{ISBN|978-1-86126-945-4}}.
* Jones, Barry. "Black Buck – The Swansong." ''Aeroplane'', Vol. 35, No. 4, Issue No. 408, April 2007.
* Kingsley, Simon and Shaun Quegan. ''Understanding Radar Systems.'' Raleigh, North Carolina: SciTech Publishing, 1999. {{ISBN|1-891121-05-7}}.
* Lake, Alan. ''Flying Units of the RAF: The Ancestry, Formation and Disbandment of all Flying Units since 1912.'' Shrewsbury, Shropshire, UK: Airlife Publishing, 1999. {{ISBN|1-84037-086-6}}.
* Laming, Tim. ''The Vulcan Story: 1952–2002'' Enderby, Leicester, UK: Silverdale Books, 2002. {{ISBN|1-85605-701-1}}.
* Leitch, Andy. "V Force Arsenal: Weapons for the Valiant, Victor and Vulcan". ''[[Air Enthusiast]]'', No. 107, September/October 2003, pp.&nbsp;52–59. {{ISSN|0143-5450}}.
* Polmar, Norman and Dana Bell. ''One Hundred Years of World Military Aircraft.'' Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 2004. {{ISBN|1-59114-686-0}}.
* Price, Alfred, Tony Blackman and Andrew Edmondson. ''Avro Vulcan Manual: An Insight into Owning, Restoring, Servicing and Flying Britain's Legendary Cold War Bomber (Owner's Workshop Manual).'' Sparkford, Somerset, UK: Haynes, 2010. {{ISBN|1-84425-831-9}}.
* Richardson, Doug. ''Stealth Warplanes.'' North Branch, Minnesota: Zenith Imprint, 2001. {{ISBN|0-7603-1051-3}}.
* Seddon, J. and E. L. Goldsmith. ''Intake Aerodynamics'' (Aiaa Education Series). Reston, Virginia: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1999. {{ISBN|1-56347-361-5}}.
* Segell, Glen. ''Wither or dither: British Aerospace Collaborative Procurement with Europe.'' London: Glen Segell Publishers, 1997. {{ISBN|1-901414-03-5}}.
* Stephens, Alan. ''Power Plus Attitude: Ideas, Strategy and Doctrine in the Royal Australian Air Force, 1921–1991''. Canberra, Australia: AGPS Press, 1992. {{ISBN|0-644-24388-0}}.
* ''Vulcan B.Mk.1A Pilot's Notes (AP 4505C–PN).'' London: Air Ministry, 1961.
* ''Vulcan B.Mk.2 Aircrew Manual (AP101B-1902-15).'' London: Air Ministry, 1984.
* Wansbrough-White, Gordon. ''Names With Wings: The Names & Naming Systems of Aircraft & Engines Flown by the British Armed Forces 1878–1984.'' Shrewsbury, UK: Airlife Publishing Ltd, 1995. {{ISBN|1-85310-491-4}}.
* White, Rowland. ''Vulcan 607: The Epic Story of the Most Remarkable British Air Attack since WWII.'' London: Bantam Press, 2006. {{ISBN|0-593-05391-5}}.
* Willis, David. "Avro Vulcan survivors." ''Aeroplane'', Vol. 35, No. 4, Issue No. 408, April 2007.
* Wilson, Stewart. ''Lincoln, Canberra & F-111 in Australian service.'' Weston Creek, Australia: Aerospace Publications, 1989. {{ISBN|0-9587978-3-8}}.
* Wynn, Humphrey. ''RAF Strategic Nuclear Deterrent Forces: Origins, Roles and Deployment 1946–1969.'' London: The Stationery Office, 1997. {{ISBN|0-11-772833-0}}.

== Eksterne lenker ==
* [http://wp.scn.ru/en/ww3/b/597/9/0 Wings Palette-fargelegging] {{Wayback|url=http://wp.scn.ru/en/ww3/b/597/9/0 |date=20181023120236 }}

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[[Kategori:Bombefly]]
[[Kategori:Firemotors jetdrevne luftfartøy]]
[[Kategori:Avro-luftfartøy]]