Redigerer Astronomiske symboler

[[Fil:Ming Dynasty Bronze Mirror.jpg|mini|Kinesiske stjernesymbol på et antikk bronsespeil.]]
'''Astronomiske symboler''' er symboler som blir brukt til å representere ulike [[himmellegeme]]r, teoretiske utledninger og observerende hendelser innen [[astronomi]]. Disse symbolene ble vanligvis brukt av profesjonelle og amatørastronomer. Mens astronomiske symboler fremdeles er i bruk i almanakker, har de gått ut av bruk i publisert forskning og tekster om astronomi.<ref name="pasko" />  Mange av symbolene er delt med vestlig [[astrologi]], som bruker flere varierende former.

== Symboler for Solen, Månen og planetene ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! colspan="5" align=center | Solen
|- align=center
!Navn!!Symbol!!Unicode!!Bilde!!Symbolet representerer
|- align=center
| [[Solen]]
| [[Image:Sun symbol (bold).svg|25px|Solen]]<ref name="nasa" /><ref name="cox" /><ref name="hilton" />
| #9737;
| <span style="font-size:xx-large;">☉</span>
| [[Solen|Solskiven]]
|-
! colspan="5" align=center | Månen
|- align=center
!Navn!!Symbol!!Unicode!!Bilde!!Symbolet representerer
|- align=center
| [[Månen]], eller måne i første kvartal
| [[Image:crescent icon.svg|25px|Måne i første kvartal]]<ref name="penny-cyclopaedia" /><ref name="encyclopedia-americana" /><ref name="putnam" />
| #9789;
| <span style="font-size:xx-large;">☽</span>
| en økende måne
|- align=center
| [[fullmåne]]
| [[Image:Full_moon_symbol.svg|25px|Fullmåne]]<ref name="encyclopedia-americana" /><ref name="putnam" />
| 
| <span style="font-size:xx-large;"></span>
| 
|- align=center
| Måne, eller måne i siste kvartal
| [[Image:decrescent icon.svg|25px|Måne i siste kvartal]]<ref name="encyclopedia-americana" /><ref name="putnam" />
| #9790;
| <span style="font-size:xx-large;">☾</span>
| en synkende måne
|- align=center
| [[nymåne]]
| [[Image:New_moon_symbol.svg|25px|Nymåne]]<ref name="encyclopedia-americana" /><ref name="putnam" />
| 
| <span style="font-size:xx-large;"></span>
| 
|-
! colspan="5" align=center | Planeter
|- align=center
!Navn!!Symbol!!Unicode!!Bilde!!Symbolet representerer
|- align=center
|[[Merkur]]
|[[Image:Mercury symbol (bold).svg|25px|Merkur]]<ref name="nasa" /><ref name="cox" />
| #9791;
| <span style="font-size:xx-large;">☿</span>
| [[Merkur (gud)|Merkurs]] vingete hjelm og [[merkurstav]],<ref name="nasa" /> eller bare staven<ref name="high-school-astronomy" /><ref name="penny-cyclopaedia" />
|- align=center
| [[Venus]]
| [[Image:Venus symbol (bold).svg|25px|Venus]]<ref name="nasa" /><ref name="high-school-astronomy" /><ref name="cox" />
| #9792;
| <span style="font-size:xx-large;">♀</span>
| [[Venus (gudinne)|Venus']] håndspeil<ref name="nasa" /><ref name="high-school-astronomy" /><ref name="penny-cyclopaedia" />
|- align=center
|rowspan="2"| [[Jorden]]
| [[Image:Earth symbol (bold).svg|25px|Jorden]]<ref name="nasa" /><ref name="high-school-astronomy" /><ref name="cox" />
| #128808;
| <span style="font-size:xx-large;">🜨</span>
| globus med [[ekvator]] og en [[meridian]]<ref name="nasa" /><ref name="high-school-astronomy" />
|- align=center
| [[Image:Globus cruciger (bold).svg|25px|Jorden]]<ref name="cox" /><ref name="encyclopedia-americana" /><ref name="penny-cyclopaedia" />
| #9793;
| <span style="font-size:xx-large;">♁</span>
| [[rikseple]],<ref name="Signs" /> eller et omvendt symbol for Venus<ref name="penny-cyclopaedia" />
|- align=center
| [[Mars (planet)|Mars]]
| [[Image:Mars symbol (bold).svg|25px|Mars]]<ref name="nasa" /><ref name="high-school-astronomy" /><ref name="cox" />
| #9794;
| <span style="font-size:xx-large;">♂</span>
| [[Mars (gud)|Mars']] skjold og spyd<ref name="nasa" /><ref name="high-school-astronomy" /><ref name="penny-cyclopaedia" />
|- align=center
| [[Jupiter]]
| [[Image:Jupiter symbol (bold).svg|25px|Jupiter]]<ref name="nasa" /><ref name="high-school-astronomy" /><ref name="cox" />
| #9795;
| <span style="font-size:xx-large;">♃</span>
| [[Jupiter (gud)|Jupiters]] tordenslag,<ref name="penny-cyclopaedia" /> en ørn,<ref name="nasa" /> eller bokstaven ''zeta'' eller ''Z'' for [[Zevs]], Jupiters greske navn<ref name="nasa" /><ref name="high-school-astronomy" />
|- align=center
| [[Saturn]]||[[Image:Saturn symbol (bold).svg|25px|Saturn]]<ref name="nasa" /><ref name="high-school-astronomy" /><ref name="cox" />
| #9796;
| <span style="font-size:xx-large;">♄</span>
| [[Saturn (gud)|Saturns]] sigd eller ljå<ref name="nasa" /><ref name="high-school-astronomy" /><ref name="penny-cyclopaedia" />
|- align=center
|rowspan="2"| [[Uranus]]||[[Image:Uranus symbol (bold).svg|25px|Uranus]]<ref name="bode-uranus" /><ref name="gould-uranus" />
|&amp;#9954;
| <span style="font-size:xx-large;">⛢</span>
| [[platina]]<ref name="bode-uranus" /><ref name="gould-uranus" />
|- align=center
| [[Image:Uranus monogram (bold).svg|25px|Uranus]]<ref name="high-school-astronomy" /><ref name="encyclopedia-americana" /><ref name="putnam" />
| #9797;
| <span style="font-size:xx-large;">♅</span>
| "H" fra oppdagerens etternavn([[William Herschel|Herschel]])<ref name="high-school-astronomy" />
|- align=center
|[[Neptun (planet)|Neptun]]||[[Image:Neptune symbol (bold).svg|25px|Neptun]]<ref name="nasa" /><ref name="cox" /><ref name="putnam" />
| #9798;
| <span style="font-size:xx-large;">♆</span>
| [[Neptun (gud)|Neptuns]] [[trefork]]<ref name="nasa" />
|}

== Referanser ==
<references>
<ref name="nasa">{{cite web|url = http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/multimedia/display.cfm?IM_ID=167|title = Planet Symbols|publisher = NASA|accessdate = 2010-03-04|archive-date = 2015-04-09|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150409045715/http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/multimedia/display.cfm?IM_ID=167|url-status = yes}}</ref>
<ref name="high-school-astronomy">{{cite book|title = High-School Astronomy|url = http://books.google.com/books?id=XksAAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA32|publisher = Sheldon & Co., 1872}} pp. 32-36.</ref><ref name="cox">{{cite book| lastname = Cox| firstname = Arthur| title = Allen's astrophysical quantities|publisher = Springer| year = 2001| page = 2}}</ref>
<ref name="putnam">{{cite book|title = The essence of astronomy: things every one should know about the sun, moon, and stars|url = http://books.google.com/books?id=xlE6AAAAMAAJ&pg=PA197|lastname = Putnam|firstname = Edmund Whitman|publisher = G.P. Putnam's sons|year = 1914|page = 197}}</ref>
<ref name="encyclopedia-americana">{{cite book|title = The Encyclopedia Americana: a library of universal knowledge, Volume 26| publisher = Encyclopedia Americana Corp.| year = 1920| pages = 162–163}}</ref>
<ref name="penny-cyclopaedia">{{cite book| title = The Penny cyclopædia of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge, Volume 22| url = http://books.google.com/books?id=rJhOFg1yiqUC&pg=PA197| publisher = C. Knight| year = 1842| page = 197}}</ref>
<ref name="Signs">{{cite web| url = http://www.universetoday.com/guide-to-space/the-solar-system/signs-of-the-planets/| title = Signs of the Planets| date = 2009-08-06| work = Universe Today| accessdate = 2010-03-08}}</ref>
<ref name="bode-uranus">{{cite book| title = Von dem neu entdeckten Planeten | url = http://books.google.com/books?id=ZqA5AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA95| last = Bode| first = J. E. | year = 1784| pages = 95-96}}</ref>
<ref name="gould-uranus">{{cite book| title = Report on the history of the discovery of Neptune | url = http://books.google.com/books?id=uyANAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA5| lastname = Gould| firstname = B. A.| publisher = Smithsonian institute| year = 1850| page = 5}}</ref>
<ref name="pasko">{{cite book|title = American dictionary of printing and bookmaking|url = http://books.google.com/books?id=Z_QUAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA29|last = Pasko|first = Wesley Washington|year = 1894|page = 29}}</ref>
<ref name="hilton">{{cite web |url=http://aa.usno.navy.mil/faq/docs/minorplanets.php |title=When Did the asteroids Become Minor Planets? |author=[[James L. Hilton|Hilton, James L.]] |accessdate=2010-03-05 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5msUtFmJu?url=http://aa.usno.navy.mil/faq/docs/minorplanets.php |archivedate=2010-01-18 }} {{Kilde www |url=http://aa.usno.navy.mil/faq/docs/minorplanets.php |tittel=Arkivert kopi |besøksdato=2010-05-07 |arkiv-dato=2016-06-12 |arkiv-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160612180437/http://aa.usno.navy.mil/faq/docs/minorplanets.php |url-status=yes }}</ref>
</references>

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