Redigerer Papillomavirus hos mennesker (avsnitt)

====Penis- og analkreft====
Seksuelt overførbare HPV-infeksjoner er funnet i høy prosent hos personer med analkreft.<ref name=Parkin06/> I tillegg er hyppigheten av analkreft 17 til 31 ganger høyere hos homofile og bifile menn enn hos heterofile menn.<ref name="CDC men">{{cite web|publisher=[[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]] (CDC)|url=https://www.cdc.gov/std/hpv/STDFact-HPV-and-men.htm|title=HPV and Men — CDC Fact Sheet|date=|accessdate=|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091017213347/http://www.cdc.gov/std/hpv/stdfact-hpv-and-men.htm|archivedate=|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Frisch M, Smith E, Grulich A, Johansen C|title=Cancer in a population-based cohort of men and women in registered homosexual partnerships|journal=Am. J. Epidemiol.|volume=157|issue=11|pages=966–72|year=2003|pmid=12777359|doi=10.1093/aje/kwg067|url=http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/full/157/11/966|quote=However, the risk for invasive anal squamous carcinoma, which is believed to be caused by certain types of sexually transmitted human papillomaviruses, a notable one being type 16, was significantly 31-fold elevated at a crude incidence of 25.6 per 100,000 person-years|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090519223209/http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/full/157/11/966|archivedate=|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

Anale celleprøver kan kanskje være en fordel for menn og kvinner som har analsex.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Chin-Hong PV, Vittinghoff E, Cranston RD, Browne L, Buchbinder S, Colfax G, Da Costa M, Darragh T, Benet DJ, Judson F, Koblin B, Mayer KH, Palefsky JM | title = Age-related prevalence of anal cancer precursors in homosexual men: the EXPLORE study | journal = J. Natl. Cancer Inst. | volume = 97 | issue = 12 | pages = 896–905 | year = 2005 | pmid = 15956651 | doi = 10.1093/jnci/dji163 }}</ref> Det er likevel per idag ikke et slikt screeningprogram, og man vet ikke med sikkerhet at det ville hjulpet, eller hvem som burde sjekkes.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aidsmeds.com/articles/aids_anal_pap_2042_14727.shtml|title=AIDSmeds Web Exclusives : Pap Smears for Anal Cancer? — by David Evans|publisher=AIDSmeds.com|accessdate=|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110707094737/http://www.aidsmeds.com/articles/aids_anal_pap_2042_14727.shtml|archivedate=|df=dmy-all}} {{Kilde www |url=http://www.aidsmeds.com/articles/aids_anal_pap_2042_14727.shtml |tittel=Arkivert kopi |besøksdato=2018-05-13 |arkiv-dato=2011-07-07 |arkiv-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110707094737/http://www.aidsmeds.com/articles/aids_anal_pap_2042_14727.shtml |url-status=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Goldie SJ, Kuntz KM, Weinstein MC, Freedberg KA, Palefsky JM|title=Cost-effectiveness of screening for anal squamous intraepithelial lesions and anal cancer in human immunodeficiency virus-negative homosexual and bisexual men|journal=Am. J. Med.|volume=108|issue=8|pages=634–41|date=|pmid=10856411|doi=10.1016/S0002-9343(00)00349-1|url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0002-9343(00)00349-1}}</ref>