Redigerer Armensk (avsnitt)

== Fonologi ==
De ustemte stoppkonsonantene fra [[urindoeuropeisk]] ble aspirerte i [[urarmensk]], som ofte vises til som et bevis for [[glottalteori]]en, som sier at de ustemte stoppkonsonantene i urindoeuropeisk var aspirerte.<ref>{{Kilde bok|url=http://caio.ueberalles.net/Indo-European-Linguistics-Introduction/Indo-European%20Linguistics%20-%20James%20Clackson.pdf|tittel=Indo-European Linguistics, An Introduction|etternavn=Clackson|fornavn=James|utgiver=|år=2007|isbn=|utgivelsessted=Cambridge|sider=|kapittel=|arkivurl=|sitat=}}</ref><ref>{{Kilde bok|url=https://books.google.no/books/about/Comparative_Indo_European_Linguistics.html?id=W-HXnIG75PYC&redir_esc=y|tittel=Comparative Indo-European Linguistics: An introduction. Second edition|etternavn=Beekes|fornavn=Robert S. P.|dato=2011-10-18|utgiver=John Benjamins Publishing|isbn=9027285004|språk=en}}</ref><ref>{{Kilde bok|url=https://books.google.no/books/about/Einf%C3%BChrung_in_Die_Vergleichende_Sprachw.html?id=v1BiAAAAMAAJ&redir_esc=y|tittel=Introduction to Indo-European Linguistics|etternavn=Szemerényi|fornavn=Oswald John Louis|dato=1996-01-01|utgiver=Clarendon Press|isbn=9780198240150|språk=en}}</ref>

=== Trykk ===
I armenske ord havner trykket på den siste stavelsen med mindre den siste stavelsen har [ə] som coda; i disse tilfellene havner trykket på den nest siste stavelsen. For eksempel [ɑχoɾˈʒɑk], [mɑʁɑdɑˈnos] og [giˈni], men [vɑˈhɑgən] og [ˈdɑʃtə]. Unntakene til denne regelen er noen få ord som slutter på bokstaven ''է'' (''ե'' i den reformerte rettskrivningen), for eksempel մի՛թէ, մի՛գուցե og ո՛րեւէ, i tillegg til noen ordenstall som վե՛ցերորդ og տա՛սներորդ.<ref>{{Kilde bok|url=https://books.google.no/books?id=QTU7AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA180&lpg=PA180&dq=armenian+word+stress&source=bl&ots=qvHtJHsk-6&sig=ie92omJtqBh-hPcadBWuVRwVHIY&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiP0Jq8jbjQAhWHECwKHarMAs0Q6AEIMjAD#v=onepage&q=armenian%20word%20stress&f=false|tittel=The Languages of the Soviet Union|etternavn=Comrie|fornavn=Bernard|dato=1981-06-04|utgiver=CUP Archive|språk=en}}</ref>

=== Vokaler ===
Moderne armensk har seks [[monoftong]]er. Språket har også syv [[diftong]]er: /ɑj/, /uj/, /ɛj/, /ɔj/, /ji/, /jɑ/, /jɔ/ og /ju/.<ref>{{Kilde bok|url=https://books.google.no/books?id=SGyop5guXDkC&pg=PA21&lpg=PA21&dq=armenian+diphthongs&source=bl&ots=7cKa3x-zlm&sig=jgqfUf4RtBgQC4EncyMcdZO0jCY&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjy1_ebvLnQAhVBGhQKHZg3DtEQ6AEIRTAD#v=onepage&q=armenian%20diphthongs&f=false|tittel=Armenian: Modern Eastern Armenian|etternavn=Dum-Tragut|fornavn=Jasmine|dato=2009-01-01|utgiver=John Benjamins Publishing|isbn=9027238146|språk=en}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|+Armenske monoftonger<ref>{{Kilde bok|url=https://books.google.no/books/about/Armenian.html?id=SGyop5guXDkC&redir_esc=y|tittel=Armenian: Modern Eastern Armenian|etternavn=Dum-Tragut|fornavn=Jasmine|dato=2009-01-01|utgiver=John Benjamins Publishing|år=|isbn=9027238146|utgivelsessted=|sider=13|språk=en|kapittel=|sitat=}}</ref>
!
! [[Fremre vokal|Fremre]]
! [[Midtre vokal|Midtre]]
! [[Bakre vokal|Bakre]]
|-
! style="text-align:left;"| [[Trang vokal|Trang]]
| class="nounderlines" style="text-align:center" | i <br />{{lang|hy|ի}}
| class="nounderlines" style="text-align:center" |
| class="nounderlines" style="text-align:center" | u <br />{{lang|hy|ու}}
|-
! style="text-align:left;"| [[Sentral vokal|Sentral]]
| class="nounderlines" style="text-align:center" | ɛ <br />{{lang|hy|ե}}
| class="nounderlines" style="text-align:center" | ə <br />{{lang|hy|ը}}
| class="nounderlines" style="text-align:center" | ɔ <br />{{lang|hy|ո}}, {{lang|hy|օ}}
|-
! style="text-align:left;"| [[Åpen vokal|Åpen]]
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| class="nounderlines" style="text-align:center" | ɑ <br />{{lang|hy|ա}}
|}

=== Konsonanter ===

==== Østarmensk ====
{| class="wikitable" style=text-align:center
|+Konsonanter i østarmensk<ref name=":a">{{Kilde bok|url=https://books.google.no/books/about/Armenian.html?id=SGyop5guXDkC&redir_esc=y|tittel=Armenian: Modern Eastern Armenian|etternavn=Dum-Tragut|fornavn=Jasmine|dato=2009-01-01|utgiver=John Benjamins Publishing|år=|isbn=9027238146|utgivelsessted=|sider=17-20|språk=en|kapittel=|sitat=}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |
![[Labialer]]
![[Dentaler]]/[[Alveolarer]]
![[Postalveolar konsonant|Postalveolare konsonanter]]
![[Palataler]]
![[Velarer]]
![[Uvularer]]
![[Glottaler]]
|-
! colspan="2" | [[Nasaler]]
| {{IPA|/m/}} {{lang|hy|մ}}
| {{IPA|/n/}} {{lang|hy|ն}}
|
|
| [ŋ]
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" | [[Plosiver]]
! <small>[[Ustemt konsonant|Ustemt]]</small>
| {{IPA|/p/}} {{lang|hy|պ}}
| {{IPA|/t/}} {{lang|hy|տ}}
|
|
| {{IPA|/k/}} {{lang|hy|կ}}
|
|
|-
! <small>[[Stemt konsonant|Stemt]]</small>
| {{IPA|/b/}} {{lang|hy|բ}}
| {{IPA|/d/}} {{lang|hy|դ}}
|
|
| {{IPA|/ɡ/}} {{lang|hy|գ}}
|
|
|-
! <small>[[Aspirasjon|Aspirert]]</small>
| {{IPA|/pʰ/}} {{lang|hy|փ}}
| {{IPA|/tʰ/}} {{lang|hy|թ}}
|
|
| {{IPA|/kʰ/}} {{lang|hy|ք}}
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" | [[Affrikater]]
! <small>[[Ustemt konsonant|Ustemt]]</small>
|
| {{IPA|/t͡s/}} {{lang|hy|ծ}}
| {{IPA|/t͡ʃ/}} {{lang|hy|ճ}}
|
|
|
|
|-
! <small>[[Stemt konsonant|Stemt]]</small>
|
| {{IPA|/d͡z/}} {{lang|hy|ձ}}
| {{IPA|/d͡ʒ/}} {{lang|hy|ջ}}
|
|
|
|
|-
! <small>[[Aspirasjon|Aspirert]]</small>
|
| {{IPA|/t͡sʰ/}} {{lang|hy|ց}}
| {{IPA|/t͡ʃʰ/}} {{lang|hy|չ}}
|
|
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" | [[Frikativer]]
! <small>[[Ustemt konsonant|Ustemt]]</small>
| {{IPA|/f/}} {{lang|hy|ֆ}}
| {{IPA|/s/}} {{lang|hy|ս}}
| {{IPA|/ʃ/}} {{lang|hy|շ}}
|
|colspan=2| {{IPA|/x ~ χ/}}{{efn|name=uttale|Kildene oppgir forskjellig artikulasjon for disse fonemene. ''Armenian: Modern Eastern Armenian'' oppgir χ og ʁ,<ref name=":a"/> mens ''Compendium of the World's Languages'' oppgir x og ɣ.<ref>{{Kilde bok|url=https://books.google.no/books?id=DWAqAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA116&lpg=PA116&dq=%C9%A3+armenian+ipa&source=bl&ots=awaTnZVGGh&sig=qzi1FE8WgOLVJ0vZzvXYU9SpUpE&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj-0bDOt73QAhXBWCwKHYSkB0MQ6AEIOjAF#v=onepage&q=%C9%A3%20armenian%20ipa&f=false|tittel=Compendium of the World's Languages|etternavn=Campbell|fornavn=George L.|etternavn2=King|fornavn2=Gareth|dato=2013-07-24|utgiver=Routledge|isbn=9781136258466|språk=en}}</ref>}} {{lang|hy|խ}}
| {{IPA|/h/}} {{lang|hy|հ}}
|-
! <small>[[Stemt konsonant|Stemt]]</small>
| {{IPA|/v/}} {{lang|hy|վ}}
| {{IPA|/z/}} {{lang|hy|զ}}
| {{IPA|/ʒ/}} {{lang|hy|ժ}}
|
|colspan=2| {{IPA|/ɣ ~ ʁ/}}{{efn|name=uttale}} {{lang|hy|ղ}}
|
|-
! colspan="2" | [[Approksimanter]]
| {{IPA|[ʋ]}}
| {{IPA|/l/}} {{lang|hy|լ}}
|
| {{IPA|/j/}} {{lang|hy|յ}}
|
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" | [[Vibranter]]
|
| {{IPA|/r/}} {{lang|hy|ռ}}
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" | [[Flapp]]
|
| {{IPA|/ɾ/}} {{lang|hy|ր}}
|
|
|
|
|
|}

==== Vestarmensk ====
{| class="wikitable"
|+Konsonanter i vestarmensk<ref>{{Kilde bok|url=https://books.google.no/books?id=_GpNAAAAMAAJ&q=western+armenian+phonology&dq=western+armenian+phonology&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi79oOO0r3QAhWL1iwKHS8TAXQQ6AEIGzAA|tittel=Phonology and morphology of modern spoken West Armenian|etternavn=Fairbanks|fornavn=Gordon H.|dato=1948-01-01|utgiver=University of Wisconsin--Madison|språk=en}}</ref><ref>{{Kilde www|url=http://www.liquisearch.com/western_armenian/phonology/consonants/differences_in_phonology_from_eastern_armenian|tittel=Western Armenian - Phonology - Consonants - Differences in Phonology From Eastern Armenian {{!}} Differences Phonology Eastern Armenian|besøksdato=2016-11-23|verk=www.liquisearch.com}}</ref><ref>{{Kilde bok|url=https://books.google.no/books?id=HWQLAQAAMAAJ&dq=0961793325&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjp_8aF0b3QAhWBiywKHVt7DwkQ6AEIGzAA|tittel=A Course in Modern Western Armenian: Dictionary and Linguistic Notes|etternavn=Samuelian|fornavn=Thomas J.|dato=1989-01-01|utgiver=Armenian National Education Committee|isbn=9780961793326|språk=hy}}</ref><ref>{{Kilde bok|tittel=Modern Western Armenian For The English-speaking World|etternavn=Sakayan|fornavn=Dora|utgiver=|år=2000|isbn=978-0969987925|utgivelsessted=|sider=|kapittel=|sitat=}}</ref>
! colspan=2 | &nbsp;
![[Bilabialer]]
![[Labiodentaler]]
![[Alveolarer]]
![[Palatal-alveolarer]]
![[Palataler]]
![[Velarer]]
![[Uvularer]]
![[Glottaler]]
|-
! colspan=2 | [[Nasaler]]
| style="text-align:center;"|{{IPA|/m/}}<br />{{lang|hy|մ}}
| &nbsp;
| style="text-align:center;" |{{IPA|/n/}}<br />{{lang|hy|ն}}
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
|-
! rowspan=2 | [[Plosiver]]
! <small>[[Ustemt konsonant|Ustemt]]</small>
| style="text-align:center;"|{{IPA|/pʰ/}}<br />{{lang|hy|բ, փ}}{{efn|name=same_sound|Disse to bokstavene representerer samme lyd.}}
| &nbsp;
| style="text-align:center;" |{{IPA|/tʰ/}}<br />{{lang|hy|դ, թ}}{{efn|name=same_sound}}
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| style="text-align:center;"|{{IPA|/kʰ/}}<br />{{lang|hy|գ, ք}}{{efn|name=same_sound}}
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
|-
!<small>[[Stemt konsonant|Stemt]]</small>
| style="text-align:center;"|{{IPA|/b/}}<br />{{lang|hy|պ}}
| &nbsp;
| style="text-align:center;"|{{IPA|/d/}}<br />{{lang|hy|տ}}
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| style="text-align:center;"|{{IPA|/ɡ/}}<br />{{lang|hy|կ}}
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
|-
! rowspan=2|[[Affrikater]]
!<small>[[Ustemt konsonant|Ustemt]]</small>
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| style="text-align:center;"|{{IPA|/tsʰ/}}<br />{{lang|hy|ձ, ց}}{{efn|name=same_sound}}
| style="text-align:center;"|{{IPA|/tʃʰ/}}<br />{{lang|hy|չ, ջ}}{{efn|name=same_sound}}
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
|-
!<small>[[Stemt konsonant|Stemt]]</small>
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| style="text-align:center;"|{{IPA|/dz/}}<br />{{lang|hy|ծ}}
| style="text-align:center;"|{{IPA|/dʒ/}}<br />{{lang|hy|ճ}}
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
|-
! rowspan=2|[[Frikativer]]
!<small>[[Ustemt konsonant|Ustemt]]</small>
| &nbsp;
| style="text-align:center;"|{{IPA|/f/}}<br />{{lang|hy|ֆ}}
| style="text-align:center;"|{{IPA|/s/}}<br />{{lang|hy|ս}}
| style="text-align:center;"|{{IPA|/ʃ/}}<br />{{lang|hy|շ}}
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| style="text-align:center;"|{{IPA|/χ/}}<br />{{lang|hy|խ}}
| style="text-align:center;"|{{IPA|/h/}}<br />{{lang|hy|հ, յ}}
|-
!<small>[[Stemt konsonant|Stemt]]</small>
| &nbsp;
| style="text-align:center;"|{{IPA|v}}<br />{{lang|hy|վ, ւ, ու, ո}}
| style="text-align:center;"|{{IPA|z}}<br />{{lang|hy|զ}}
| style="text-align:center;"|{{IPA|ʒ}}<br />{{lang|hy|ժ}}
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| style="text-align:center;"|{{IPA|ʁ}}<br />{{lang|hy|ղ}}
| &nbsp;
|-
! colspan=2|[[Approksimanter]]
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| style="text-align:center;" |{{IPA|/l/}}<br />{{lang|hy|լ}}
| &nbsp;
| style="text-align:center;"|{{IPA|/j/}}<br />{{lang|hy|յ, ե, ի, է}}
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
|-
! colspan=2|[[Flapper]]
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| style="text-align:center;" |{{IPA|/ɾ/}}<br />{{lang|hy|ռ, ր}}
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
|}