Redigerer Abbasidene (avsnitt)

== Litteratur==
* {{cite book|last=Abbas |first=Tahir |title=Islamic Radicalism and Multicultural Politics: The British Experience |url=https://books.google.com/?id=JdC90uc8PfQC&pg=PA9 |publisher=Routledge |location=London, UK |isbn=978-0-4155-7225-5 |lccn=2009050163 |year=2011|ref=harv}}
* {{cite book|last=Al-Abbasi |first=A. M. M. |year=1986 |title=Nader al-Bayan fi Dhikr Ansab Baniabbassian |place=Doha |language=persisk |ref=harv}}
* {{cite web|last=al-Hassan |first=Ahmad Y. |author-link=Ahmad Y Hassan |url=http://www.history-science-technology.com/articles/articles%202.html#_edn2 |title=Gunpowder Composition for Rockets and Cannon in Arabic Military Treatises in Thirteenth and Fourteenth Centuries: A Gap in the History of Gunpowder and Cannon |website=History of Science and Technology in Islam |access-date=3. mai 2015 |archive-date=20. september 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150920081014/http://www.history-science-technology.com/articles/articles%202.html |year=2002 |url-status=live |ref=harv}}
* {{cite web|last=al-Hassan |first=Ahmad Y. |author-link=Ahmad Y Hassan |url=http://www.history-science-technology.com/articles/articles%2071.html |title=Transfer of Islamic Technology to the West: Part II: Transmission of Islamic Engineering |website=History of Science and Technology in Islam |access-date=3. mai 2015 |archive-date=24. september 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924030451/http://www.history-science-technology.com/Articles/articles%2071.html |year=2002a |url-status=live |ref=harv}}
* {{cite web|last=al-Hassan |first=Ahmad Y. |author-link=Ahmad Y Hassan |url=http://www.history-science-technology.com/articles/articles%207.html |title=Transfer of Islamic Technology to the West: Part I: Avenues of Technology Transfer |website=History of Science and Technology in Islam |access-date=3. mai 2015 |archive-date=7. mai 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140507100118/http://www.history-science-technology.com/Articles/articles%207.html |year=2002b |url-status=live |ref=harv}}
* {{cite book|last=Abbott |first=Nabia |title=Two queens of Baghdad: mother and wife of Hārūn al Rashīd |publisher=University of Chicago Press |year=1946|ref=harv}}
* {{cite news|last=Al-Khalili |first=Jim |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/7810846.stm |title=The "First True Scientist" |work=BBC.co.uk |date=4. januar 2009 |accessdate=3. mai 2015 |archive-date=26. april 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150426041228/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/7810846.stm |url-status=live |ref=harv}}
* {{cite web |publisher=Applied History Research Group, University of Calgary |url=https://www.ucalgary.ca/applied_history/tutor/islam/fractured/ |title=The Islamic World to 1600 |accessdate=30. oktober 2008 |year=2008 |ref=harv |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081005003551/http://www.ucalgary.ca/applied_history/tutor/islam/fractured/ |archivedate=5. oktober 2008 }} {{Wayback|url=https://www.ucalgary.ca/applied_history/tutor/islam/fractured/ |date=20081005003551 }}
* {{cite journal|last=Anon|title=Deutsche Literaturzeitung für Kritik der Internationalen Wissenschaft |volume=49 |issue=27–52 |year=1928 |publisher=Weidmannsche Buchhandlung |language=de |trans-title=German Weekly Literary Journal for Criticism of the International Science |ref=harv}}
* {{cite book|last=Baker |first=Hugh D. R. |title=Hong Kong Images: People and Animals |year=1990 |publisher=Hong Kong University Press |isbn=962-209-255-1 |ref= harv}}
* {{cite book| last = Baniabbassian | first = M. | year = 1960 | title = Tarikh-e Jahangiriyeh va Baniabbassian-e Bastak | place = Tehran | language = persisk | ref = harv}}
* {{cite book|last1=Bloodworth |first1=Ching Ping |last2=Bloodworth |first2=Dennis |title=The Chinese Machiavelli: 3,000 Years of Chinese Statecraft |year=2004 |publisher=Transaction Publishers |isbn=0-7658-0568-5 |lccn=2003059346 |orig-year=1976 |ref=harv}}
* {{cite book|last=Bonner |first=Michael |authorlink=Michael Bonner |chapter=The Waning of Empire: 861–945 |title=The New Cambridge History of Islam |volume=I: The Formation of the Islamic World: Sixth to Eleventh Centuries |editor-last=Robinson |editor-first=Charles F. |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=Cambridge, UK |year=2010 |isbn=978-0-521-83823-8 |pages=305–359 |ref=harv}}
* {{cite book|editor-last1=Bonner |editor-first1=Michael |editor-last2=Ener |editor-first2=Mine |editor-last3=Singer |editor-first3=Amy |title=Poverty and Charity in Middle Eastern Contexts |year=2003 |publisher=State University of New York Press |location=Albany, NY |isbn=978-0-7914-5737-5 |url=https://books.google.com/?id=zBp3y5lWz58C&pg=PA97 |lccn=2002042629 |ref=harv}}
* {{cite book|last1=Bosworth |first1=C. |last2=Van Donzel |first2=E. |last3=Lewis |first3=B. |last4=Pellat |first4=Ch. |year=1983 |title=Encyclopedie de l'Islam |edition=New |volume=V |place=Leiden, Netherlands|publisher=E.J. Brill |language=fr |trans-title=The Encyclopedia of Islam |ref=harv}}
* {{cite book | last = Brague | first = Rémi | title = The Legend of the Middle Ages: Philosophical Explorations of Medieval Christianity, Judaism, and Islam | isbn = 978-0-2260-7080-3 | year = 2009 | publisher = University of Chicago Press | location = Chicago, IL | lccn = 2008028720 | ref = harv }}
* {{cite book | last = Brauer | first = Ralph W. | title = Boundaries and Frontiers in Medieval Muslim Geography | year = 1995 | isbn = 0-87169-856-0 | lccn = 94078513 | pages = 7–10 | publisher = American Philosophical Society | location = Philadelphia, PA | ref = harv }}
* {{cite book | last = Brinkley | first = Frank | editor-last = Trübner | url = https://books.google.com/?id=XJqCAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA150 | title = China: Its History, Arts and Literature | volume = X | series = Oriental | year = 1902 | publisher = J. B. Millet Company | location = Boston, MA | ref = harv }}
* {{cite book | last = Broomhall | first =Marshall | chapter-url = https://books.google.com/books?id=ObcNAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA25 | title = Islam in China: A Neglected Problem | year = 1910 | publisher = London, Morgan & Scott Ltd. | location = Philadelphia, PA | chapter = II: China and the Arabs From the Rise of the Abbaside Caliphate | lccn = 11003281 | ref = harv }}
* {{cite book | last1 = Carné | first1 = Louis de | url = https://archive.org/details/cu31924073426201 | page = [https://archive.org/details/cu31924073426201/page/n330 295] | title = Travels in Indo-China and the Chinese Empire | year = 1872 | publisher = Chapman and Hall | location = London, UK | ref = harv }}
* {{cite book | last = Chapuis | first = Oscar | title = A History of Vietnam: From Hong Bang to Tu Duc | url = https://archive.org/details/historyofvietnam0000chap | year = 1995 | publisher = Greenwood Press | location = Westport, CT | isbn = 0-313-29622-7 | lccn = 94048169 | ref = harv }}
* {{cite book | last = Clinton | first = Jerome W. | editor-last1 = Talattof | editor-first1 = Kamran | editor-last2 = Clinton | editor-first2 = Jerome W. | title = The Poetry of Nizami Ganjavi: Knowledge, Love, and Rhetoric | url = https://archive.org/details/poetryofnizamiga0000unse | publisher = Palgrave Macmillan | year = 2000 | lccn = 99056710 | location = Houndmills, UK | isbn = 0-3122-2810-4 | ref = harv }}
* {{cite book | last1 = Cooper | first1 = William Wager | last2 = Yue | first2 = Piyu | year = 2008 | title = Challenges of the Muslim World: Present, Future and Past | url = https://archive.org/details/challengesofmusl0000coop | publisher = Emerald Group Publishing Limited | series = International Symposia in Economic Theory and Econometrics | isbn = 978-0-4445-3243-5 | ref = harv }}
* {{cite news |last=Cotter |first=Holland |url=http://web.utk.edu/~persian/paper.htm |title=The Story of Islam's Gift of Paper to the West |date=29. desember 2001 |newspaper=The New York Times |access-date=3. mai 2015 |archive-date=27. mai 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150527180216/http://www.nytimes.com/2001/12/29/books/shelf-life-the-story-of-islam-s-gift-of-paper-to-the-west.html |ref=harv |url-status=dead |accessdate=2020-08-09 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6YFECAoqj?url=http://www.nytimes.com/2001/12/29/books/shelf-life-the-story-of-islam-s-gift-of-paper-to-the-west.html |url-status=dead }} {{WebCite|url=https://www.webcitation.org/6YFECAoqj?url=http://www.nytimes.com/2001/12/29/books/shelf-life-the-story-of-islam-s-gift-of-paper-to-the-west.html |dato=20150503080859 |datoformat=iso }}
* {{cite book|last=de Camp |first= L. Sprague|author-link= L. Sprague de Camp |title=Literary Swordsmen and Sorcerers: The Makers of Heroic Fantasy |url=https://archive.org/details/literaryswordsme0000deca |isbn=0-87054-076-9 |lccn=76017991 |publisher=Arkham House |year=1976 |location=Sauk City, WI |ref=harv}}
* {{cite journal|last=Derewenda |first=Zygmunt S. |year=2007|title=On Wine, Chirality and Crystallography |journal=Acta Crystallographica A |volume=64 |issue=Pt 1 |pages=246–258 |ref=harv|bibcode=2008AcCrA..64..246D |doi=10.1107/S0108767307054293 |pmid=18156689 |doi-access=free }}
* {{cite encyclopedia|last=Dimand |first=Maurice S. |editor-last1=Myers |editor-first1=Bernard S. |editor-last2= Myers |editor-first2=Shirley D. |encyclopedia=McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Art |year=1969 |publisher=McGraw-Hill Book Company |location=New York, NY |volume=3: Greece to Master F. V. B. |title=Islamic Glass and Crystal |lccn=68026314 |ref=harv}}
* {{cite encyclopedia | last = Dimand | first = Maurice S. | editor-last1 = Myers | editor-first1 = Bernard S. | editor-last2 = Myers | editor-first2 = Shirley D. | encyclopedia = McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Art | year = 1969a | publisher = McGraw-Hill Book Company | location = New York, NY | volume = 3: Greece to Master F. V. B. | title = Islamic Painting | pages = 205–211 | lccn = 68026314 | ref = harv }}
* {{cite encyclopedia | last = Dimand | first = Maurice S. | editor-last1 = Myers | editor-first1 = Bernard S. | editor-last2 = Myers | editor-first2 = Shirley D. | encyclopedia = McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Art | year = 1969b | publisher = McGraw-Hill Book Company | location = New York, NY | volume = 3: Greece to Master F. V. B. | title = Islamic Pottery and Tiles | pages = 211–216 | lccn = 68026314 | ref = harv }}
* {{cite encyclopedia | last = Dimand | first = Maurice S. | editor-last1 = Myers | editor-first1 = Bernard S. | editor-last2 = Myers | editor-first2 = Shirley D. | encyclopedia = McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Art | year = 1969c | publisher = McGraw-Hill Book Company | location = New York, NY | volume = 3: Greece to Master F. V. B. | title = Islamic Textiles | pages = 216–220 | lccn = 68026314 | ref = harv }}
* {{cite book | last = Dunn | first = Kevin M. | url = https://books.google.com/?id=JOtJKgWkPuQC&pg=PA166 | title = Caveman Chemistry: 28 Projects, from the Creation of Fire to the Production of Plastics | publisher = Universal Publishers | year = 2003 | isbn = 978-1-5811-2566-5 | ref = harv }}
* {{cite book | last1 = Dupuy | first1 = R. Ernest | last2 = Dupuy | first2 = Trevor N. | year = 1986 | title = The Encyclopedia of Military History from 3500 B.C. to the Present | url = https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofmi0000dupu_k6k2 | edition = 2nd | isbn = 0-06-181235-8 | publisher = Harper & Row Publishers | location = New York, NY | ref = harv }}
* {{cite book | last = Eglash | first = Ron | year = 1999 | title = African Fractals: Modern Computing and Indigenous Design | publisher = Rutgers University Press | isbn = 978-0-8135-2614-0 | lccn = 98026043 | location = New Brunswick, NJ | ref = harv }}
* {{cite book | last = El-Hibri | first = Tayeb | editor-last = Robinson | editor-first = Chase F. | title = The New Cambridge History of Islam | volume = 1: The Formation of the Islamic World: Sixth to Eleventh Centuries | chapter = The empire in Iraq: 763–861 | pages = 269–304 | location = Cambridge, UK | publisher = Cambridge University Press | year = 2011 | isbn = 978-0-521-83823-8 | ref = harv}}
* {{cite book | last = Fitzgerald | first = Charles Patrick | title = China: A Short Cultural History | url = https://archive.org/details/chinashortcultur0000fitz | url-access = registration | year = 1961 | publisher = Praeger | orig-year = 1950 | ref = harv }}
* {{cite book | last = Floor | first = W. | year = 2011 | title = The Persian Gulf: Bandar Abbas: The Natural Trade Gateway of Southeast Iran | isbn = 978-1-9338-2343-0}}
* {{cite book | last = Floor | first = W. | year = 2010 | title = The Persian Gulf: The Rise and Fall of Bandar-e Lengeh: The Distribution Center for the Arabian Coast: 1750-1930 | url = https://archive.org/details/persiangulfrisef0000floo | isbn = 978-1-9338-2339-3 | ref = harv}}
* {{cite journal | last = Frazier | first = Ian | title = Invaders: Destroying Baghdad | journal = [[The New Yorker]] | date = 25. april 2005 | volume = 81 | issue = 10 | pages = 48–55 | issn = 0028-792X | ref = harv }}
* {{cite book | last = Ghosh | first = Stanley | url = https://books.google.com/?id=QvtwAAAAMAAJ | title = Embers in Cathay | year = 1961 | publisher = Doubleday | location = Garden City, NY | lccn = 61010347 | ref = harv }}
* {{cite book | last = Gibb | first = Hamilton Alexander Rosskeen | author-link = Hamilton Gibb | editor-last1 = Shaw | editor-first1 = Stanford J. | editor-last2 = Polk | editor-first2 = William R. | title = Studies on the Civilization of Islam | url = https://archive.org/details/studiesonciviliz0000gibb_m3g1 | publisher = Princeton University Press | year = 1982 | isbn = 0-691-05354-5 | orig-year = 1962 | ref = harv }}
* {{cite book | last = Giles | first = Herbert Allen | title = Confucianism and its Rivals | url = https://archive.org/details/confucianismitsr00gileuoft | year = 1915 | publisher = C. Scribner's Sons | location = New York, NY | lccn = 15017669 | ref = harv }}
* {{cite book | last = Giles | first = Herbert Allen | url = https://archive.org/details/b30093120 | page = [https://archive.org/details/b30093120/page/141 141] | title = A glossary of Reference on Subjects Connected with the Far East | edition = 2nd | year = 1886 | publisher = Messrs. Lane, Craswford and Co. | location = Hong Kong | lccn = 16016428 | ref = harv }}
* {{cite book | last1 = Glassé | first1 = Cyril | last2 = Smith | first2 = Huston | year = 2002 | title = The New Encyclopedia of Islam | isbn = 0-7591-0190-6 | publisher = AltaMira Press | location = Walnut Creek, CA | ref = harv | url-access = registration | url = https://archive.org/details/newencyclopediao0000glas }}
* {{cite book | last1 = Grant | first1 = John | last2 = Clute | first2 = John | chapter = The Encyclopedia of Fantasy | title = Arabian fantasy | url = https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaoffa0000unse_i5q1 | year = 1999 | isbn = 0-312-19869-8 | lccn = 96037472 | publisher = St. Martin's Press | location = New York, NY | ref = harv }}
* {{cite book | last = Gregorian | first = Vartan | title = Islam: A Mosaic, Not a Monolith | publisher = Brookings Institution Press | year = 2003 | pages = [https://archive.org/details/islam00vart/page/26 26–38] | isbn = 0-8157-3282-1 | lccn = 2003006189 | location = Washington, DC | ref = harv | url = https://archive.org/details/islam00vart/page/26 }}
* {{cite book | last = Hermann | first = Heinrich | title = Chinesische Geschichte | trans-title = Chinese History | year = 1912 | publisher = D. Gundert | language = tysk | ref = harv }}
* {{cite book | last = Hill | first = Donald Routledge | title = Islamic Science and Engineering | url = https://archive.org/details/islamicscienceen0000hill | year = 1993 | location = Edinburgh | publisher = Edinburgh University Press | isbn = 0-7486-0455-3 | lccn = 94139614 | ref = harv }}
* {{cite encyclopedia | editor-last = Hoiberg | editor-first = Dale H. | encyclopedia = Encyclopedia Britannica | title = Abbasid Dynasty | edition = 15th | year = 2010 | volume = I: A-Ak – Bayes | location = Chicago, IL | isbn = 978-1-59339-837-8 | ref = harv | url = https://archive.org/details/newencyclopaedia2009ency }}
* {{cite encyclopedia | editor-last = Hoiberg | editor-first = Dale H. | encyclopedia = Encyclopedia Britannica | title = Nestorian | edition = 15th | year = 2010a | volume = VIII : Menage – Ottawa | location = Chicago, IL | isbn = 978-1-59339-837-8 | ref = harv | url = https://archive.org/details/newencyclopaedia2009ency }}
* {{cite journal | last = Holt | first = Peter M. | authorlink = Peter M. Holt | title = Some Observations on the 'Abbāsid Caliphate of Cairo | journal = Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies | publisher = University of London | volume = 47 | issue = 3 | year = 1984 | pages = 501–507 | ref = harv | doi=10.1017/s0041977x00113710}}
* {{cite book | last = Huff | first = Toby E. | title = The Rise of Early Modern Science: Islam, China, and the West | publisher = Cambridge University Press | location = Cambridge, UK | isbn = 0-5218-2302-1 | lccn = 2002035017 | year = 2003 | edition = 2nd | ref = harv }}
* {{cite book | last = Isichei | first = Elizabeth | year = 1997| title = A History of African Societies to 1870 | publisher = Cambridge University Press | url = https://archive.org/details/historyofafrican00isic | url-access = registration | page = [https://archive.org/details/historyofafrican00isic/page/192 192] | isbn = 978-0-5214-5599-2 | lccn = 97159218 | location = Cambridge, UK | ref = harv }}
* {{cite book | last = Jenkins | first = Everett Allo | url = https://books.google.com/?id=oLnXAAAAMAAJ | title = The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe, and the Americas | volume = 1 | year = 1999 | publisher = McFarland | isbn = 0-7864-0431-0 | location = Jefferson, NC | lccn = 98049332 | ref = harv }}
* {{cite book | last = Kennedy | first = Hugh | authorlink = Hugh N. Kennedy | chapter = The ʿAbbasid caliphate: a historical introduction | pages = [https://archive.org/details/abbasidbelleslet0000unse/page/1 1]–15 | title = ʿAbbasid Belles Lettres | url = https://archive.org/details/abbasidbelleslet0000unse | editor-last1 = Ashtiany | editor-first1 = Julia | editor-last2 = Johnstone | editor-first2 = T. M. | editor-last3 = Latham | editor-first3 = J. D. | editor-last4 = Serjeant | editor-first4 = R. B. | editor-last5 = Smith | editor-first5 = G. Rex | series = The Cambridge History of Arabic Literature | publisher = Cambridge University Press | location = Cambridge | year = 1990 | isbn = 0-521-24016-6 | chapterurl = |ref=harv}}
* {{cite book | last = Kennedy| first = Hugh N. | authorlink = Hugh N. Kennedy | title = The Prophet and the Age of the Caliphates: The Islamic Near East from the 6th to the 11th Century | url = https://archive.org/details/prophetageofcali0000kenn_n8u3| edition = 2nd | year = 2004 | publisher = Pearson Education Ltd. | location = Harlow, UK | isbn = 0-582-40525-4 | lccn = 85016597 | ref = harv }}
* {{cite book | last = Kitagawa | first = Joseph Mitsuo | title = The Religious Traditions of Asia: Religion, History, and Culture | year = 1989 | publisher = Macmillan Publishing Co | location = New York, NY | isbn = 0-0289-7211-2 | lccn = 89008129 | ref = harv | url = https://archive.org/details/religioustraditi00kita }}
* {{cite journal | last = Labib | first = Subhi Y. | year = 1969 | title = Capitalism in Medieval Islam | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-economic-history_1969-03_29_1/page/79 | journal = The Journal of Economic History | volume = 29 | issue = 1 | pages = 79–96 | doi = 10.1017/S0022050700097837 | ref = harv }}
* {{cite book | last = Lapidus | first = Ira | author-link = Ira Lapidus | title = A History of Islamic Societies | url = https://archive.org/details/historyofislamic0000lapi_t2d2 | publisher = Cambridge University Press | location = Cambridge, UK | year = 2002 | isbn = 0-521-77056-4 | ref = harv }}
* {{cite encyclopedia|last=Leaman |first=Oliver |url=http://www.rep.routledge.com/article/H057 |title=Islamic Philosophy |publisher=Routledge |encyclopedia=Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy |year=1998 |access-date=3. mai 2015 |archive-date=3. mai 2015 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6YFDTux7u?url=https://www.rep.routledge.com/articles/islamic-philosophy;jsessionid=B31B033F077DD5E68E09CC9D35C02105 |url-status=dead |ref=harv}}
* {{ cite book | last = Lewis | first = Bernard | editor-last1 = Holt | editor-first1 = Peter M. | editor-last2 = Lambton | editor-first2 = Ann K. S. | editor-last3 = Lewis | editor-first3 = Bernard | chapter = The Middle East | title = The Cambridge History of Iran | volume = 1A | location = Cambridge, UK | publisher = Cambridge University Press | year = 1995 | isbn = 978-0-5212-9135-4 | ref = harv }}
* {{cite journal | last = Lucas | first = Adam Robert | year = 2005 | title = Industrial Milling in the Ancient and Medieval Worlds: A Survey of the Evidence for an Industrial Revolution in Medieval Europe | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_technology-and-culture_2005-01_46_1/page/n12 | journal = Technology and Culture | volume = 46 | issue = 1 | pages = 1–30 | doi = 10.1353/tech.2005.0026 | ref = harv }}
* {{cite encyclopedia|editor1-last=Magnusson |editor1-first=Magnus |editor2-last=Goring |editor2-first=Rosemary |encyclopedia=Cambridge Biographical Dictionary |title='Abbasids |isbn=0-521-39518-6 |year=1990 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=Cambridge, UK |lccn=90001542 |ref=harv}}
* {{cite book|last=Meisami |first=Julie Scott |title=Persian Historiography: To the End of the Twelfth Century |isbn=978-0-7486-1276-5 |year=1999 |lccn=2012494440 |location=Edinburgh, UK |publisher=Edinburgh University Press|ref=harv}}
* {{cite web|last=Mikaberidze |first=Alexander |author-link=Alexander Mikaberidze |url=http://www.napoleon-series.org/military/organization/c_mameluks1.html |title=The Georgian Mameluks in Egypt |website=The Napoleon Series |year=2004 |access-date=3. mai 2015 |archive-date=29. desember 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141229102135/http://www.napoleon-series.org/military/organization/c_mameluks1.html |url-status=live |ref=harv}}
* {{cite book|last=Mottahedeh |first=Roy |authorlink=Roy Mottahedeh |editor-last=Frye |editor-first=R. N. |title=The Cambridge History of Iran |volume=4: From the Arab Invasion to the Saljuqs|year=1975 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=Cambridge, UK |chapter=The ʿAbbāsid Caliphate in Iran |pages=57–90 |isbn=978-0-521-20093-6 |ref=harv}}
* {{cite book|last=Ahmed |first=Leila |authorlink=Leila Ahmed |title=Women and Gender in Islam: Historical Roots of a Modern Debate |url=https://books.google.com/?id=U0Grq2BzaUgC |year=1992 |publisher=Yale University Press |isbn=978-0-300-05583-2 |ref=harv}}
* {{cite book|last=Moule |first=Arthur Evans |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_N6dFAAAAIAAJ |page=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_N6dFAAAAIAAJ/page/n341 317] |title=The Chinese People: A Handbook on China |year=1914 |publisher=London Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge |location=New York, NY |lccn=14001359 |ref=harv}}
* {{cite book|last1=Ochsenwald |first1=William |author-link1=William L. Ochsenwald |last2=Fisher |first2=Sydney Nettleton |title=The Middle East: A History |url=https://archive.org/details/middleeasthistor0000fish_u9b8 |year=2004 |publisher=McGraw Hill |location=Boston, MA |edition=6th |lccn = 2003041213 |isbn=0-07-244233-6 |ref=harv}}
* {{cite book|last=Pavlidis |first=T. |editor-last1=Goldschmidt Jr. |editor-first1=Arthur |editor-last2=Davidson |editor-first2=Lawrence |edition=9th |publisher=Westview Press |location=Boulder, CO |title=A Concise History of the Middle East |chapter=11: Turks and Byzantine Decline |year=2010 |isbn=978-0-8133-4388-4 |lccn=2009005664 |ref=harv}}
* {{cite book|last=Perry |first=J. |year=1979 |title=Karim Khan Zand: A History of Iran: 1747-1779 |url=https://archive.org/details/karmkhnzandhisto0000perr |isbn=0-2266-6098-2 |ref=harv}}
* {{cite web |last=Rabin |first=Sheila |url=https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/copernicus/ |publisher=Stanford |website=Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy |title=Nicolaus Copernicus |date=15. august 2015 |archive-date=9. november 2016 |access-date=27. november 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161109081428/http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/copernicus/ |url-status=live |ref=harv }}
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