Redigerer Umajjadene (avsnitt)

==Umajjad-kalifatets historie==
===Sufyanider===
[[Fil:Map of expansion of Caliphate.svg|thumb|300px|Utvidelsen av kalifatet under umajjadene. {{legend|#a1584e|Utvidelse under Mohammad, 622-632}} {{legend|#ef9070|Utvidelse under patriarkalsk kalifatet, 632-661}} {{legend|#fad07d|Utvidelse under Umayyad kalifatet}}]]
Muawiyahs personlige dynasti, ''sufyanidene'' (etterkommere av [[Abu Sufyan]]), varte fra [[661]] til [[684]]. [[Kalif]]tiden til [[Muawiyah I]] var preget av intern ro og sikkerhet og ytre ekspansjon. I [[kalif]] Muawiyahs tid var det bare ett stort opprør. Det ble ledet av Hujr ibn Adi i [[Kufa]]. Hujr ibn Adi støttet [[Ali]]s etterkommere som arvinger til kalifatet, men hans bevegelse ble stoppet av guvernøren i [[Irak]], Ziyad ibn Abi Sufyan.

Samtidig førte han krig mot [[Østromerriket]]. I løpet av hans kalifat ble [[Rhodos]] og [[Kreta]] okkupert, og [[Konstantinopel]] ble angrepet flere ganger. Muawiyah ekspanderte også i Nord-Afrika (grunnlaget for [[Kairouan]]) og i Sentral-Asia (erobringen av [[Kabul]], [[Bukhara]] og [[Samarkand]]).

=== Genealogi Banu Umayyah ===
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{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | UMY | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |UMY=[[Umayyah bin 'Abd asy-Syams|Umayyah]]<br />pendiri Bani Umayyah}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | |,|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|^|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|.| | | | | | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | HRB | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ASH | | | | | | | | | | |HRB=[[Harb bin Umayyah|Harb]]|ASH=[[Abu al-'Ash bin Umayyah|Abu al-'Ash]]}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | |,|-|-|-|-|^|-|-|-|-|.| | | | | | |}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | ABS | | | | | | | | | AFN | | | | | | | | HKM | | | | | |ABS=[[Abu Sufyan bin Harb|Abu Sufyan]]<br />kepala suku [[Mekkah]]|AFN=[[Affan bin Abu al-'Ash|Affan]]|HKM=[[Hakam bin Abu al-'Ash|al-Hakam]]}}
{{familytree| | |,|-|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|-|.| | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | |}}
{{familytree| | YZD | | | MUW | | | NAM | | | | UTS | | | | | | | | MRW | | | | | |YZD=[[Yazid bin Abu Sufyan|Yazid]]<br />(Gub. Siria th. [[639]]|MUW=[[Muawiyah bin Abu Sufyan|1. MUAWIYAH I]]<br />(k. [[661]]-[[680]])|NAM=[[Ummu Habibah binti Abu Sufyah|Ummu Habibah]]|UTS=[[Uttman bin Affan|UTSMAN]]|MRW=[[Marwan bin al-Hakam|4. MARWAN I]]<br />(k. [[684]]-[[685]])}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | |}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | YZ1 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | |YZ1=[[Yazid bin Muawiyah|2. YAZID I]]<br />(k. [[680]]-[[683]])}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | |}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | MU2 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | |MU2=[[Muawiyah bin Yazid|3. MUAWIYAH II]]<br />(k. [[683]]-[[684]])}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | |,|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|^|-|.| | | | |}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | MUH | | | | | | | | | AAM | | | | | | | | | | ABZ | | | |MUH=[[Muhammad bin Marwan|Muhammad]]|AAM=[[Abdul-Malik bin Marwan|5. Abd al-Malik]]<br />(k. [[685]]-[[705]])|ABZ=[[Abdul-Aziz bin Marwan|Abdul-Aziz]]<br />Gub. [[Mesir]]}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | |!| | | | |,|-|-|-|v|-|^|-|v|-|-|-|.| | | | | |!| | | | |}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | MR2 | | | AW1 | | SUL | | YZ2 | | HIS | | | | UMR | | | |MR2=[[Marwan bin Muhammad|14. MARWAN II]]<br />(k. [[744]]-[[750]])|AW1=[[Al-Walīd I|6. AL-WALID I]]<br />(k. [[705]]-[[715]])|SUL=[[Sulaiman bin Abdul-Malik|7. SULAIMAN]]<br />(k. [[715]]-[[717]])|YZ2=[[Yazid bin Abdul-Malik|9. YAZID II]]<br />(k.[[720]]-[[724]])|HIS=[[Hisyam bin Abdul-Malik|10. HISYAM]]<br />(k. [[724]]-[[743]])|UMR=[[Umar bin Abdul-Aziz|8. UMAR II]]<br />(k. [[717]]-[[720]])}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | |,|-|^|-|.| | | | | |!| | | |!| | | | | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | YZ3 | | IBR | | | | AW2 | | MU3 | | | | | | | | | |YZ3=[[Yazid bin Walid|12. YAZID III]]<br />(k. [[744]])|IBR=[[Ibrahim bin Walid|13. IBRAHIM]]<br />(k. [[744]])|AW2=[[Al-Walid bin Yazid|11. AL-WALID II]]<br />(k. [[743]]-[[744]])|MU3=[[Muawiyah bin Hisyam|Muawiyah]]}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | |}}
{{familytree| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ABR | | | | | | | | | |ABR=[[Abd ar-Rahman I]]<br />Emir di [[Kordoba]]}}
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<ref name="Venture1">[[Marshall Goodwin Simms Hodgson|HODGSON, Marshall G.S.]]; '''''THE VENTURE OF ISLAM''', Iman dan Sejarah dalam Peradaban Dunia; Jilid Pertama: Masa Klasik Islam; Buku Pertama: Lahirnya Sebuah Tatanan Baru''. [[Jakarta]]: [[Penerbit Paramadina|PARAMADINA]], [[1999]]. ISBN 979-8321-32-4</ref>