Redigerer MAO-hemmere (avsnitt)

== Medisinsk bruk ==
[[Fil:Moclobemide.svg|class=skin-invert-image|miniatyr| Skjelettformel av moklobemid, den prototypiske {{Abbr|RIMA|reversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase A}} .]]
MAO-hemmere har vist seg å være effektive i behandlingen av [[panikklidelse]] med [[agorafobi]], <ref>{{Cite journal|title=Therapeutic response to phenelzine in patients with panic disorder and agoraphobia with panic attacks|journal=The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry|volume=48|issue=2|pages=55–9|date=februar 1987|pmid=3542985}}</ref> [[sosial fobi]], <ref>{{Cite journal|title=Phenelzine vs atenolol in social phobia. A placebo-controlled comparison|journal=Archives of General Psychiatry|volume=49|issue=4|pages=290–300|date=April 1992|pmid=1558463}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal|title=Pharmacotherapy of social phobia. A controlled study with moclobemide and phenelzine|journal=The British Journal of Psychiatry|volume=161|issue=3|pages=353–60|date=September 1992|pmid=1393304}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal|title=Cognitive behavioral group therapy vs phenelzine therapy for social phobia: 12-week outcome|journal=Archives of General Psychiatry|volume=55|issue=12|pages=1133–41|date=desember 1998|pmid=9862558}}</ref> atypisk depresjon <ref>{{Cite journal|title=Treatment of atypical depression with cognitive therapy or phenelzine: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial|journal=Archives of General Psychiatry|volume=56|issue=5|pages=431–7|date=mai 1999|pmid=10232298}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal|title=Phenelzine v imipramine in atypical depression. A preliminary report|journal=Archives of General Psychiatry|volume=41|issue=7|pages=669–77|date=juli 1984|pmid=6375621}}</ref> eller blandet [[angstlidelse]] og depresjon, [[Bulimia nervosa|bulimi]], <ref>{{Cite journal|title=Treatment of bulimia with phenelzine. A double-blind, placebo-controlled study|journal=Archives of General Psychiatry|volume=41|issue=11|pages=1105–9|date=November 1984|pmid=6388524}}</ref> ] <ref>{{Cite journal|title=Treatment of bulimia with phenelzine. A double-blind, placebo-controlled study|journal=Archives of General Psychiatry|volume=41|issue=11|pages=1105–9|date=November 1984|pmid=6388524}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal|title=A double-blind placebo-controlled comparison of phenelzine and imipramine in the treatment of bulimia in atypical depressives|journal=The International Journal of Eating Disorders|volume=15|issue=1|pages=1–9|date=januar 1994|pmid=8124322}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal|title=A double-blind trial of phenelzine in bulimia|journal=Journal of Psychiatric Research|volume=19|issue=2–3|pages=485–9|pmid=3900362}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal|title=Phenelzine vs placebo in 50 patients with bulimia|journal=Archives of General Psychiatry|volume=45|issue=5|pages=471–5|date=mai 1988|pmid=3282482}}</ref> og [[posttraumatisk stresslidelse]], <ref>{{Cite journal|title=A pilot study of phenelzine in the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder|journal=The British Journal of Psychiatry|volume=150|issue=2|pages=252–5|date=februar 1987|pmid=3651684}}</ref> samt [[borderline personlighetsforstyrrelse]], <ref>{{Cite journal|title=Efficacy of phenelzine and haloperidol in borderline personality disorder|journal=Archives of General Psychiatry|volume=50|issue=5|pages=377–85|date=mai 1993|pmid=8489326}}</ref> og [[Tvangslidelse|obsessiv-kompulsiv lidelse]] (OCD). <ref>{{Cite journal|title=Clomipramine versus Phenelzine in Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder|journal=British Journal of Psychiatry|date=2. januar 2018|volume=161|issue=5|pages=665–670|pmid=1422616}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal|title=Nardil Response in a Chronic Obsessive Compulsive|journal=British Journal of Psychiatry|date=29. januar 2018|volume=115|issue=523|pages=748|pmid=5806868}}</ref> MAO-hemmere ser ut til å være spesielt effektive i behandlingen av [[Bipolar lidelse|bipolar depresjon]] ifølge en retrospektiv analyse fra 2009. <ref>{{Cite journal|title=Revisiting the effectiveness of standard antidepressants in bipolar disorder: are monoamine oxidase inhibitors superior?|journal=Psychopharmacology Bulletin|volume=42|issue=2|pages=64–74|pmid=19629023}}</ref> Det er rapporter om MAO-hemmer-effekt ved OCD, [[trikotillomani]], [[Dysmorfofobi|kroppsdysmorfisk lidelse]] og [[Engstelig (unnvikende) personlighetsforstyrrelse|unnvikende personlighetsforstyrrelse]], men disse rapportene er fra ukontrollerte kasusrapporter. <ref name="pmid2248064">{{Cite journal|title=Reversible and irreversible monoamine oxidase inhibitors in other psychiatric disorders|journal=Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. Supplementum|volume=360|issue=S360|pages=29–34|pmid=2248064}}</ref>

MAO - hemmere kan også brukes i behandlingen av Parkinsons sykdom ved å målrette spesielt mot MAO-B (derfor påvirker dopaminerge nevroner ), i tillegg til å gi et alternativ for [[Migrene|migreneprofylakse]] . Hemming av både MAO-A og MAO-B brukes i behandling av [[Depresjon|klinisk depresjon]] og [[angst]] .

MAO-hemmere ser ut til å være spesielt indisert for [[Pasient|polikliniske pasienter]] med [[dystymi]] komplisert av panikklidelse eller hysteroiddysfori . <ref>http://www.psycom.net/hysteroid.html {{Kilde bok|tittel=Monoamine Oxidase Enzymes|verk=Journal of Neural Transmission. Supplementum|isbn=978-3-211-81985-2|bind=23|kapittel=MAO inhibitors in mental disease: Their current status|doi=10.1007/978-3-7091-8901-6_8|pmid=3295114}}</ref>

Nyere MAO-hemmere som selegilin (brukes typisk i behandling av Parkinsons sykdom) og den reversible MAO- hemmeren moklobemid gir et sikrere alternativ <ref name="pmid2248064">{{Cite journal|title=Reversible and irreversible monoamine oxidase inhibitors in other psychiatric disorders|journal=Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. Supplementum|volume=360|issue=S360|pages=29–34|year=1990|pmid=2248064|doi=10.1111/j.1600-0447.1990.tb05321.x}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFLiebowitzHollanderSchneierCampeas1990">Liebowitz MR, Hollander E, Schneier F, Campeas R, Welkowitz L, Hatterer J, Fallon B (1990). "Reversible and irreversible monoamine oxidase inhibitors in other psychiatric disorders". ''Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. Supplementum''. '''360''' (S360): 29–34. [[Digital objektidentifikator|doi]]:[[doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1990.tb05321.x|10.1111/j.1600-0447.1990.tb05321.x]]. [[PubMed|PMID]]&nbsp;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2248064 2248064]. [[Semantic Scholar|S2CID]]&nbsp;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:30319319 30319319].</cite></ref> og brukes nå noen ganger som førstelinjebehandling.

Pargyline er en ikke-selektiv MAO-hemmer som tidligere ble brukt som et antihypertensivt middel for å behandle [[Høyt blodtrykk|hypertensjon]] (høyt blodtrykk). <ref name="Finberg2014">{{Cite journal|title=Update on the pharmacology of selective inhibitors of MAO-A and MAO-B: focus on modulation of CNS monoamine neurotransmitter release|journal=Pharmacology & Therapeutics|volume=143|issue=2|pages=133–152|date=August 2014|pmid=24607445}}</ref> <ref name="HayesSchneck1976">{{Cite journal|title=Antihypertensive pharmacotherapy|journal=Postgraduate Medicine|volume=59|issue=5|pages=155–162|date=mai 1976|pmid=57611}}</ref>