Redigerer Det internasjonale fonetiske alfabetet (avsnitt)

== Pulmoniske konsonanter ==

{| border="2" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0;  background: #f9f9f9;  border: 1px #aaaaaa solid;  border-collapse:collapse; text-align: center;"
|- style="vertical-align: center; font-size: x-small; height: 2em; background: #f2f2f2;"
| style="font-size: 90%; background: #f9f9f9;" | [[Artikulasjonssted]] →
! colspan=2 | [[Labial konsonant|Labial]]
! colspan=4 | [[Koronal konsonant|Koronal]]
! colspan=4 | [[Dorsal konsonant|Dorsal]]
! colspan=4 | [[Radikal konsonant|Radikal]]
! colspan=2 rowspan=2 | [[Glottal konsonant|Glottal]]
|- style="vertical-align: center; font-size: x-small; height: 3em; background: #f2f2f2;"
| style="font-size: 90%; background: #f9f9f9;" | [[Artikulasjonsmåte]] ↓
! style="width: 4em;" | [[Bilabial konsonant|Bi&shy;la&shy;bial]]
! style="width: 4em;" | [[Labiodental konsonant|La&shy;bio&ndash;&#x2010;<br />den&shy;tal]]
! style="width: 4em;" | [[Dental konsonant|Den&shy;tal]]
! style="width: 4em;" | [[Alveolar konsonant|Al&shy;veo&shy;lar]]
! style="width: 4em;" | [[Postalveolar konsonant|Post-&#x2010;<br />al&shy;veo&shy;lar]]
! style="width: 4em;" | [[Retrofleks|Re&shy;tro&ndash;&#x2010;<br />fleks]]
! style="width: 4em;" | [[Palatal konsonant|Pa&shy;la&shy;tal]]
! style="width: 4em;" | [[Velar konsonant|Ve&shy;lar]]
! colspan="2" style="width: 4em;" | [[Uvular konsonant|Uvu&shy;lar]]
! colspan="2" style="width: 4em;" | [[Faryngal konsonant|Fa&shy;ryn&ndash;&#x2010;<br />gal]]
! colspan="2" style="width: 4em;" | [[Epiglottal konsonant|Epi&ndash;&#x2010;<br />glot&shy;tal]]
|- style="font-size: 120%;"
! style="font-size: x-small; text-align:left; background: #f2f2f2;" | [[Nasal konsonant|Nasal]]
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[bilabial nasal|{{IPA|m}}]]
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[labiodental nasal|{{IPA|ɱ}}]]
| colspan="3" |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[alveolar nasal|{{IPA|n}}]] 
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[retrofleks nasal|{{IPA|ɳ}}]]
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[palatal nasal|{{IPA|ɲ}}]]
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[velar nasal|{{IPA|ŋ}}]]
| colspan="2" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[uvular nasal|{{IPA|ɴ}}]]
| colspan="6" style="background:#ccc" | &nbsp;
|- style="font-size: 120%;"
! style="font-size: x-small; text-align:left; background: #f2f2f2;" | [[Plosiv konsonant|Plosiv]]
| [[ustemt bilabial plosiv|{{IPA|p}}]] [[stemt bilabial plosiv|{{IPA|b}}]]
| [[ustemt labiodental plosiv|*]] [[stemtlabiodental plosiv|*]]
| colspan="3" |[[ustemttalveolar plosiv|{{IPA|t}}]] [[stemt alveolar plosiv|{{IPA|d}}]]
| [[ustemt retrofleks plosiv|{{IPA|ʈ}}]] [[stemt retrofleks plosiv|{{IPA|ɖ}}]]
| [[ustemt palatal plosiv|{{IPA|c}}]] [[stemt palatal plosiv|{{IPA|ɟ}}]]
| [[ustemt velar plosiv|{{IPA|k}}]] [[stemt velar plosiv|{{IPA|ɡ}}]]
| colspan="2" | [[ustemt uvular plosiv|{{IPA|q}}]] [[stemt uvular plosiv|{{IPA|ɢ}}]]
| colspan="2" style="background:#ccc" | &nbsp;
| colspan="2" | [[epiglottal plosiv|{{IPA|ʡ}}]]
| style="width: 1em;" | [[glottal plosiv|{{IPA|ʔ}}]]
| style="width: 1em; background:#ccc" | &nbsp;
|- style="font-size: 120%;"
! style="font-size: x-small; text-align:left; background: #f2f2f2;" | [[Frikativ konsonant|Frikativ]]
| [[ustemt bilabial frikativ|{{IPA|ɸ}}]] [[stemt bilabial frikativ|{{IPA|β}}]]
| [[ustemt labiodental frikativ|{{IPA|f}}]] [[stemt labiodental frikativ|{{IPA|v}}]]
| [[ustemt dental frikativ|{{IPA|θ}}]] [[stemt dental frikativ|{{IPA|ð}}]]
| [[ustemt alveolar frikativ|{{IPA|s}}]] [[stemt alveolar frikativ|{{IPA|z}}]]
| [[ustemt postalveolar frikativ|{{IPA|ʃ}}]] [[stemt postalveolar frikativ|{{IPA|ʒ}}]]
| [[ustemt retrofleks frikativ|{{IPA|ʂ}}]] [[stemt retrofleks frikativ|{{IPA|ʐ}}]]
| [[ustemt palatal frikativ|{{IPA|ç}}]] [[stemt palatal frikativ|{{IPA|ʝ}}]]
| [[ustemt velar frikativ|{{IPA|x}}]] [[stemt velar frikativ|{{IPA|ɣ}}]]
| style="width: 1em;" | [[ustemt uvular frikativ|{{IPA|χ}}]] 
| rowspan="2" style="width: 1em;" | [[stemt uvular frikativ|{{IPA|ʁ}}]]
| style="width: 1em;" | [[ustemt faryngal frikativ|{{IPA|ħ}}]] 
| rowspan="2" style="width: 1em;" | [[stemt faryngal frikativ|{{IPA|ʕ}}]]
| style="width: 1em;" | [[ustemt epiglottal frikativ|{{IPA|ʜ}}]] 
| rowspan="2" style="width: 1em;" | [[stemt epiglottal frikativ|{{IPA|ʢ}}]]
| rowspan="2" colspan="2" | [[ustemt glottal frikativ|{{IPA|h}}]] [[stemt glottal frikativ|{{IPA|ɦ}}]]
|- style="font-size: 120%;"
! style="font-size: x-small; text-align:left; background: #f2f2f2;" | [[Approksimant|Approks&shy;imant]]
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[bilabial approksimant|{{IPA|β̞}}]]
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[labiodental approksimant|{{IPA|ʋ}}]]
| colspan="3" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[alveolar approksimant|{{IPA|ɹ}}]] 
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[retrofleks approksimant|{{IPA|ɻ}}]]
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[palatal approksimant|{{IPA|j}}]]
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[velar approksimant|{{IPA|ɰ}}]]
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
|- style="font-size: 120%;"
! style="font-size: x-small; text-align:left; background: #f2f2f2;" | [[Vibrant]]
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[bilabial vibrant|{{IPA|ʙ}}]]
| 
| colspan="3" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[alveolar vibrant|{{IPA|r}}]] 
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[retrofleks vibrant|{{IPA|*}}]]
| 
| style="background:#ccc" |
| colspan="2" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[uvular vibrant|{{IPA|ʀ}}]]
| colspan="2" style="background:#ccc" |
| colspan="2" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[epiglottal vibrant|*]]
| colspan="2" style="background:#ccc" | &nbsp;
|- style="font-size: 120%;"
! style="font-size: x-small; text-align:left; background: #f2f2f2;" | [[Flapp|Flikk eller flapp]]
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[bilabial flapp|*]]
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[Fil:Labiodental flap (IPA).png|10px|Labiodental flapp]][[labiodental flapp|<sup>†</sup>]] 
| colspan="3" |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[alveolar flikk|{{IPA|ɾ}}]]
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[retrofleks flapp|{{IPA|ɽ}}]]
| &nbsp;
| style="background:#ccc" |
| colspan="2" | &nbsp;
| colspan="2" style="background:#ccc" | &nbsp;
| colspan="2" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[epiglottal flapp|*]]
| colspan="2" style="background:#ccc" | &nbsp;
|- style="font-size: 120%;"
! style="font-size: x-small; text-align:left; background: #f2f2f2;" | [[Lateral konsonant|Lateral frikativ]]
| colspan="2" style="background:#ccc" |
| colspan="3" | [[ustemt alveolar lateral frikativ|{{IPA|ɬ}}]] [[stemt alveolar lateral frikativ|{{IPA|ɮ}}]] 
| [[ustemt retrofleks lateral frikativ|*]]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
| [[ustemt palatal lateral frikativ|*]]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
| [[ustemt velar lateral frikativ|*]]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
| colspan="2" | &nbsp;
| colspan="7" style="background:#ccc" | &nbsp;
|- style="font-size: 120%;"
! style="font-size: x-small; text-align:left; background: #f2f2f2;" | [[Lateral konsonant|Lateral approks&shy;imant]]
| colspan="2" style="background:#ccc" |
| colspan="3" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[alveolar lateral approksimant|{{IPA|l}}]] 
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[retrofleks lateral approksimant|{{IPA|ɭ}}]]
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[palatal lateral approksimant|{{IPA|ʎ}}]]
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[velar lateral approksimant|{{IPA|ʟ}}]]
| colspan="2" | &nbsp; 
| colspan="7" style="background:#ccc" | 
|- style="font-size: 120%;"
! style="font-size: x-small; text-align:left; background: #f2f2f2;" | [[Lateral konsonant|Lateral flapp]]
| colspan=2 style="background:#ccc" | &nbsp;
| colspan=3 | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[alveolar lateral flapp|{{IPA|ɺ}}]] 
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[retrofleks lateral flapp|*]]
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[[velar lateral flapp|*]]
| colspan="2" | &nbsp;
| colspan="7" style="background:#ccc" | &nbsp;
|}

* Stjerner (*) markerer lyder som ikke har offisielle IPA-symboler. Se artiklene om lydene for ''ad hoc''-symboler brukt i litteraturen.
* Kors (†) markerer symboler som ikke har offisiell Unicode-støtte. Fra mai 2005 er dette tilfelle for lyden [[labiodental flapp]], som blir symboliseres ved ''v'' med en krok på høyre side: [[Fil:Labiodental flap (IPA).png|15px|Labiodental flapp]] ([http://std.dkuug.dk/jtc1/sc2/wg2/docs/N2945.pdf Forslag om å innlemme dette symbolet i Unicode]).
* I rader hvor symbolene forekommer i par ([[obstruenter]]), er symbolet til høyre en [[stemt konsonant]] (bortsett fra {{IPA|[ɦ]}}). I de andre radene representerer det enkle symbolet en stemt konsonant.
* Selv om det er et felles symbol for de koronale artikulasjonsstedene for alle konsonanter unntatt frikativer, behandles symbolenes som spesifikt alveolare, post-alveolare, osv., når man behandler et enkelt språk, avhengig av hvordan lyden uttales i språket.
* Mørke områder betegner artikulasjoner som anses umulige.
* Symbolene {{IPA|[ʁ, ʕ, ʢ]}} representerer enten stemte frikativer eller approksimanter.
* Det er snarere tungens form enn dens stilling som skiller frikativene {{IPA|[ʃ ʒ]}}, {{IPA|[ɕ ʑ]}}, og {{IPA|[ʂ ʐ]}}.
* Den labiodentale nasalen {{IPA|[ɱ]}} kjennes ikke som fonem i noe språk.
* I norsk fonetisk skrift brukes [[þ]] ofte istedenfor IPAs θ.